Voices of a Nation, A History of Mass Media in the United States (Heftet (myke permer))

Voices of a Nation: A History of Mass Media in the United States presents a cultural interpretation of the history of both traditional and nontraditional media, emphasizing that minority as well as mainstream media have impacted American history. Voices of a Nation sets media history in the context of overall historical events and themes and tries to understand the role of media in a democratic society at varied historical points. Organized chronologically, the text recognizes the significant "voices" of such non-traditional media as suffrage newspapers, ethnic newspapers, and cultural movement papers and magazines.

Voices of a Nation: A History of Mass Media in the United States presents a cultural interpretation of the history of both traditional and nontraditional media, emphasizing that minority as well as mainstream media have impacted American history. Voices of a Nation sets media history in the context of overall historical events and themes and tries to understand the role of media in a democratic society at varied historical points. Organized chronologically, the text recognizes the significant "voices" of such non-traditional media as suffrage newspapers, ethnic newspapers, and cultural movement papers and magazines.

Contents Preface Part 1 Media in Early America Chapter 1 Crossing the Atlantic Printing Revolution as a Catalyst for Social Change Prior Restraint in England: Publishing Precedent Licensing Challenge by Books and Newspapers British America Definitions of News Diffusion of News Publishing--A Commercial Enterprise Conclusion Chapter 2 Resistance and Liberty Resistance Personified: The Zenger Trial Bradford as Forerunner The New YorkJournal The Zenger Trial After Zenger Colonial Resistance to Economic Policy The Stamp Act Economic Resistance Turns Political The BostonGazette as Radical Rag Letters from a Farmer: Serial Essays Journal of Occurrences: Fact or Fiction? News of Congress and of War Congressional Proceedings Secret News of War Spreads through Colonies Declaration of Independence Public Opinion and Freedom of Expression Newspapers and Political Pamphlets: Relative Merits Newspapers for a Continent The Significance of Circulations Recording Early History: Isaiah Thomas Conclusion Chapter 3 Forming a New Nation Constitutional Politics and the Press The Fight for Ratification: Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists The Bill of Rights: Congress Shall Make No Law Enlightenment Philosophy and the Bill of Rights Evolution of the Commercial Press Information Demand and Developing Dailies Political Press and National Politics Federalist Newspapers Jeffersonian (Republican) Newspapers Lingering Legacy of Seditious Libel Conclusion Chapter 4 Diversity in the Early Republic Newspapers and an Informed Public Modernization and the Postal Dilemma Continuing Political Tradition Foreign-Language Press and Diverse Ethnic Backgrounds Labor Press Native-American Press Responds to European Settlement African-American Newspapers as a Response to White Society Magazines The Struggle to Circulate 000 The New-York Magazine; or, Literary Repository The Port Folio Book Publishing as a Challenge to Cultural Norms Technology, Production, and Labor Relationship to Religion and Values Conclusion Chapter 5 Penny Papers in the Metropolis Characteristics of the Penny Press Advertising: Buyer Beware Continuity and Change in the Early Nineteenth Century The New York Leaders Benjamin Day and the New YorkSun James Gordon Bennett and the New YorkHerald Reasons for Development Conclusion Part 2 Media in an Expanding Nation Chapter 6 Expansion Unifies and Divides Transportation and Communication Postal Express Technology and Communications Telegraph: Technological and Cultural Change Communication and the Movement Westward Mexican War: Of Words and Images Frontier Newspapers Oral Culture and the Lecture Circuit Evolution of the Penny Press Horace Greeley and the New YorkTribune Henry Jarvis Raymond and the New York Times ChicagoTribune Press Development in the Antebellum South The RichmondEnquirer and the Southern Partisan Press Conclusion Chapter 7 Communication Issues in the Antislavery Movement and the Civil War The Abolitionist Movement: Printed Products in an Age of Change William Lloyd Garrison: Radical Mission Elijah Lovejoy: The Link between Abolition and Civil Rights Frederick Douglass and the Black Press Iconography: Persuasive Visuals Women, Voice, and Pen in the Antislavery Movement Uncle Tom's Cabin: Slavery and the Popular Culture Restrictions on Publishing The Civil War Reporters and the War Press in the North The Confederate Press Censorship in the North Censorship in the South Photography and Pictorial Illustration Conclusion Chapter 8 Modernization and Printed Products A Magazine Revolution Quality Monthlies as Preservers of the Old Order Challenge of Modernization Manufacturing/National Distribution Networks Newspapers as Reflections of Urbanization Dime Novels and Story Papers Photographs: Question of Technology and Culture Associated Press: Wire Service Monopoly Pleas for Equality and Progress Lynching in the Late Nineteenth Century Flourishing African-American Press Editors and Modernization More Modernity: Lightbulbs and Telephones Conclusion Chapter 9 Mass Markets and Mass Culture Advertising and Mass Culture Magazines as Vehicles for Advertising Mass Press for a Mass Audience The Debate over Information and Sensation Information and Municipal Reform: Concepts of Urban Community Sensation in the Urban Press Business Promotes Itself Professionalization and Exclusion Development of Exclusive Press Clubs Critique of the Press Conclusion Chapter 10 Reform Is My Religion Impact of Immigration on Society and Publications Chicago Press and the "Melting Pot" The Suffragist Press The Beginnings The Second Wave: Unity, Diversity, and Growth Voices of the Suffragist Press Black Press at the Turn of the Century Booker T. Washington and the Tuskegee Machine Opposition to Accommodation Agrarian Press and the Lecture Circuit Purpose From Lecture to Newspaper Political Hacks or Journalists? Agrarian Publications Conclusion Part 3 Media in a Modern World Chapter 11 Progressivism and World War I Mass-Market Muckraking McClure's "Will Irwin and "The American Newspaper" Munsey's Magazine Newspapers in the Early Twentieth Century Advertising and Circulation Big Business and Big Power Reform Legislation Newspapers and Social Reform Control of Information during the War Restrictive Legislation and "Discovering" the First Amendment Postal Control and the MilwaukeeLeader Propaganda and the Committee on Public Information Media Reaction to the War Walter Lippmann and the Noble Cause Metropolitan Newspapers and the Status Quo A Challenge to the Existing Order Correspondents at the Front Marguerite Harrison: Correspondent, Spy Electronic Media's Debut Government and Industry Participation Going to the Movies Conclusion Chapter 12 Media and Consumer Culture Radio: What Have They Done with My Child? Technology Breaks Regional Barriers Government and Industry Partnership Newsreels: Facts and Fakery "March of Time" Going to the Movies Advertising and Consumer Culture From Space to Agency Service Ethics and Regulation Persuasive Strategies Public Relations: A Corporate Necessity The 1920s Newspaper and Nationalization Chains and Conglomerates Content National Advertising Tabloids The Black Press Novels and Pulps Conclusion Chapter 13 Depression and Disillusion The Documentary Tradition Interpretation in the Daily Press News Magazines as Journalism of Synthesis Radio News Criticism and Alternatives Media Content as Entertainment Radio and Popular Culture Media and Government The Newspaper Industry Presidents and the Press The First Lady and Women in the Press Photojournalism Life Margaret Bourke-White Conclusion Chapter 14 Images of War A Radio War The Wire Services and the War Media Play Multiple Roles Correspondents and Costs Columnists and Cartoonists Photography Depicts Two Views of Japanese Internment Coverage of Nazi Concentration Camps Media and Government Censorship The Press and Race in the 1950s and 1960s Accountability and Freedom Television Technology Emerges from the Wings Technology and Programming Black Press Reflects Increased Consumer Power Growth of Black Dailies Johnson and Ebony--Magazines for the Middle Class Conclusion Part 3 Corporate Power and Globalization Chapter 15 Electronic Images in a Cold War Media Compete for Audiences and Advertising Radio in Transition Television Moves from New York to Hollywood Media and the Advertising Industry Advertising and Television Media and Public Relations: The Image of Business Corporate Public Relations: Image Control Professionalization and Expansion Media, Government, and Politics The Federal Communications Commission The House Un-American Activities Committee Television Goes to the Elections A Few Lonely Voices of Dissent "Izzy" Stone Conclusion Chapter 16 Affluence and Activism: The Angry 1960s At Home and Abroad: The Big Stories Civil Rights Covering Vietnam Electronic Media and the Global Village Satellite Development and the Global Village Questions of Media Monopoly, Regulation, and Technology Minow and Television as a "Vast Wasteland" Public Broadcasting as an Alternative Newspaper Consolidation and Profits Cultural Change in the Newsrooms Changes in the Rank and File Government and the Press New York Times v. Sullivan The Pentagon Papers Case Watergate and the News Media Credibility and Ethics National News Council Ombudsmen Codes of Ethics Language of 1960s Journalism New Nonfiction Magazines: Death or Specialization Circulation Leaders The Aged Endure The New Emerge and Last Conclusion Chapter 17 News as a Corporate Enterprise Corporate and Public Ownership Corporate Ownership of Newspapers Deregulation and the FCC Fairness Doctrine Abandoned New Technology: Networks in Decline Technologies of the 1980s Cable: Shift of Power Media Technology Devices Computers and an Information Society The Microcomputer Information via the Internet Government News Management in Modern War Press Pools, the Persian Gulf, and Panama Management of Special-Interest News The Exxon Valdez--Public Relations Disaster Politics and Public Relations Changing News Agenda for Newspapers USAToday Conclusion Chapter 18 New Technologies, Globalization, and Wars on Terror and the News Media The 9/11 Terrorist Attacks The Comparison to Pearl Harbor Media Convergence Creating AOL Time Warner Journalism and Convergence Napster, MP3, and the Courts Consequences of Media Consolidation Television, Politics and Democracy The Media and the Election of 2000 The Election of 2004 Pulling Teeth from the Watchdog? Conclusion Index