AcknowledgmentsIntroduction, Isidore OkpewhoPart 1. The Diaspora: Orientations and Determinations1. Michael J. C. Echeruo, An African Diaspora: The Ontological Project2. Maureen Warner-Lewis, Cultural Reconfigurations in the African Caribbean3. Elliott P. Skinner, The Restoration of African Identity for a New MilleniumPart 2. Addressing the Constraints4. Joseph E. Inikori, Slaves or Serfs?: A Comparative Study of Slavery and Serfdom in Europe and Africa5. Richard Price, Modernity, Memory, Martinique6. Peter P. Ekeh, Kinship and State in African and African American Histories7. Jack S. Blocker, Jr., Wages of Migration: Jobs and Homeownership Among Black and White Workers in Muncie, Indiana, 19208. Ira Kincaid Blake, The Significance of Cognitive-Linguistic Orientation for Academic Well- Being in African American Children9. Sharon Aneta Bryant, The Relationship of Place of Birth and Health StatusPart 3. Race, Gender, and Image10. Celia M. Azevedo, Images of Africa and the Haiti Revolution in American and Brazilian Abolitionism11. Kimberly Welch, Our Hunger is Our Song: The Politics of Race in Cuba, 1900-192012. Antonio Benítez-Rojo, The Role of Music in the Emergence of Afro-Cuban Culture13. Sally Price, The Centrality of Margins: Art, Gender, and African American Creativity14. Eliana Guerreiro Ramos Bennett, Gabriela Cravo e Canela: Jorge Amado and the Myth of the Sexual Mulatta in Brazilian Culture15. Patience Elabor-Idemudia, Gender and the New African Diaspora: African Immigrant Women in the Canadian Labor Force16. Sandra L. Richards, Horned Ancestral Masks, Shakespearean Actor Boys, and Scotch-Inspired Set Girls: Social Relations in Nineteenth-Century Jamaican JonkonnuPart 4. Creativity, Spirituality, and Identity17. Oyekan Owomoyela, From Folklore to Literature: The Route from Roots in the African World18. Jean Rahier, Blackness as a Process of Creolization: The Afro-Esmeraldian Décimas (Ecuador)19. Niyi Afolabi, The (T)error of Invisibility: Ellison and Cruz e Souza20. Adetayo Alabi, Recover, Not Discover: Africa in Walcott's Dream on Monkey Mountain and Philip's Looking for Livingstone21. Ali A. Mazrui, Islam and the African Diaspora: The Impact of Islamigration22. Pierre-Damien Mvuyekure, From Legba to Papa Labas: New World Metaphysical Self/Refashioning in Ishmael Reed's Mumbo Jumbo23. Robert Elliott Fox, Diasporacentricism and Black Aural Texts24. David Evans, The Reinterpretation of African Musical Instruments in the United States25. Nkiru Nzegwu, The Concept of Modernity in Contemporary African Art26. LeGrace Benson, Habits of Attention: Persistence of Lan Ginée in Haiti27. Andrea Frohne, Representing Jean-Michel Basquiat28. Charles Martin, Optic Black: Implied Texts and the Colors of Photography29. Keith Q. Warner, Caribbean Cinema, or Cinema in the Caribbean?Part 5. Reconnecting with Africa30. Laura J. Pires-Hester, The Emergence of Bilateral Diaspora Ethnicity among Cape Verdean-Americans31. Alvin B. Tillery, Jr., Black Americans and the Creation of America's Africa Policies: The De-Racialization of Pan-African Politics32. Joseph McLaren, Alice Walker and the Legacy of African American Discourse on Africa33. Joyce Ann Joyce, African-Centered Womanism: Connecting Africa to the DiasporaContributorsIndex

The editorial goal of this collection, gathered from papers of a 1996 conference, is to deepen understanding of how transplanted African populations (and their descendants) interacted with the physical, cultural, and intellectual environment of the New World. This goal mandates an assessment of the survival of African origins—an ongoing debate between the Essentialist school (a strong and continuous African presence) and those advocating a more syncretic viewpoint (an African presence more mutable and interactive with the new environment). The papers present both views and draw their evidence from a variety of disciplines: art, music, literature, linguistics, history, and sociology. The thematic grouping of the papers (e.g., Race, Gender, and Image), coupled with an introduction that succeeds in the difficult task of connecting most of the presentations, makes intelligible the variety of approaches and views. Undergraduate instructors in African American history and sociology can assign selected papers to illustrate methodology and stimulate discussion. History students, for example, will profit from Joseph E. Inikori's comments on the dangers inherent in applying the word slavery to the subject peoples of Africa. Upper-division undergraduates and above.February 2000