In the late 1980s, the National Cancer Institute initiated an investigation of cancer risks in populations near 52 commercial nuclear power plants and 10 Department of Energy nuclear facilities (including research and nuclear weapons production facilities and one reprocessing plant) in the United States. The results of the NCI investigation were used a primary resource for communicating with the public about the cancer risks near the nuclear facilities. However, this study is now over 20 years old. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission requested that the National Academy of Sciences provide an updated assessment of cancer risks in populations near USNRC-licensed nuclear facilities that utilize or process uranium for the production of electricity. Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilities: Phase 1 focuses on identifying scientifically sound approaches for carrying out an assessment of cancer risks associated with living near a nuclear facility, judgments about the strengths and weaknesses of various statistical power, ability to assess potential confounding factors, possible biases, and required effort. The results from this Phase 1 study will be used to inform the design of cancer risk assessment, which will be carried out in Phase 2. This report is beneficial for the general public, communities near nuclear facilities, stakeholders, healthcare providers, policy makers, state and local officials, community leaders, and the media. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Effluent Releases from Nuclear Power Plants and Fuel-Cycle Facilities3 Radiation Dose Assessment4 Epidemiologic Studies5 Risk Communication and Public EngagementAppendixesAppendix A: Radiation as a CarcinogenAppendix B: Biographical Sketches of Committee and StaffAppendix C: Presentations and VisitsAppendix D: Origin of Radioactivity in Nuclear PlantsAppendix E: Origin of Radioactivity in Fuel-Cycle FacilitiesAppendix F: Regulation of Effluent ReleasesAppendix G: Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications (RETS)Appendix H: Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program (REMP)Appendix I: Radiation Dose AssessmentAppendix J: Modeling Incidence and Mortality Data in an Ecologic StudyAppendix K: Letter Template to State Cancer RegistriesAppendix L: Letter Template to State Vital Statistics OfficesAppendix M: Letter Template to Departments of Public HealthAppendix N: GlossaryAppendix O: Acronyms