Beyond Free and Fair: Monitoring Elections and Building Democracy draws on worldwide experience since the mid-1980s to evaluate international election monitoring and domestic monitoring, and their contributions to democracy promotion and democratic change. In this book, Eric Bjornlund provides an overview of what election monitoring is, where it comes from, and how it is currently conducted, and he educes general lessons for democracy promotion. Bjornlund reports on actual practice, including case studies of particular election monitoring efforts and the author's own experience in the field, and on a few previous efforts to synthesize guidelines and lessons learned. Case studies include Cambodia, Zimbabwe, the Philippines, and Indonesia, with the last especially providing an opportunity to show how domestic monitors can be supported by international monitors, funders, and advisers. Bjornlund also devotes a chapter to the influential election monitoring work of former president Jimmy Carter. The author criticizes the tendency to view elections and election monitoring narrowly rather than as part of broader strategies to build democracy. He makes practical recommendations about how election monitoring should evolve in the future if it is to continue to contribute to genuine democratization.
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He makes practical recommendations about how election monitoring should evolve in the future if it is to continue to contribute to genuine democratization.
List of TablesForeword, by Lee H. HamiltonAcknowledgmentsList of Acronyms and AbbreviationsPart I: Democracy Promotion, Elections, and Election Monitoring1. The Emergence of Election MonitoringDemocracy Promotion and Election MonitoringWhy Study Election Monitoring and Democracy Promotion?Flaws in Current International PracticePlan of the Book2. The Expansion of Democracy and Democracy PromotionThe Emergence of Democracy Assistance in the United StatesBeyond the United States3. Elections and Election MonitoringThe Growing Importance of Elections in Democratization and International RelationsTypes of ElectionsThe Authority of Election ObserversTypes of Election MonitoringThe Extent of Election MonitoringToward Universal NormsPart II: International Election Monitoring4. From Nongovernmental to Intergovernmental Organizations: Actors in International Election MonitoringThe United Nations and ElectionsOther Multilateral OrganizationsU.S. Democracy Organizations5. Jimmy Carter and the Popularization of InternationalElection ObservationThe Carter Center Discovers Election MonitoringPanama: A New Potential UnfurledNicaragua: Carter Invents "Election Mediation"Carter's Election Monitoring Comes of AgeZambia: Bringing Election Mediation and Parallel Counts beyond Latin AmericaGuyana: Too Much Focus on PVTs?Institutionalizing Election Monitoring and Democracy Promotion at the Carter Center6. Toward "Free and Fair" Elections?Sources of Evaluation StandardsThe "Free and Fair" StandardStandards in ContextPreconditions to ObservationJudging Elections7. The Scope and Methodology of International Election ObservationStandards of Conduct for ObserversThe Scope and Methodology of ObservationFinding Facts and Making Assessments: Checklists and Standards of ProofThe Coordination of International Election ObserversCoordinating International Observers for the 1996 Palestinian ElectionsDeveloping More Effective Monitoring8. Cambodia: Challenges to International Election ObservationElections and Democratization in CambodiaElections as PanaceaSplits within the International CommunityPreelection Monitoring and Preelection ProblemsThe Interests and Agendas of ObserversPostelection Assessments and Preelection FlawsStrains in the Bipartisan American Approach to Cambodian DemocracyPostelection MonitoringThe 2002 Local Elections: "Déja Vu All Over Again"9. Host-Government Manipulation of Observers: Elections in ZimbabweRefusing or Manipulating International ObserversRestricting Observers to Zimbabwe's Elections in 2000Observing Zimbabwe's Presidential Election in 2002Manipulating ObserversPart III: Domestic Election Monitoring10. The Origins of Domestic Election Monitoring: NAMFREL and Its SuccessorsThe Invention of Nonpartisan Domestic Election Monitoring in the PhilippinesSharing the NAMFREL IdeaDomestic Election Monitoring Consolidates Its RoleDomestic Monitoring Meets Resistance11. Domestic Election Monitoring as an End and a MeansActivities of EMOs during Elections: Approaches and IssuesCoordination between International and Domestic ObserversElections and Election Monitoring as Ends or MeansToward More Effective Support for Nonpartisan Domestic Political Engagement12. Foreign Support for Domestic Election Monitoring in Indonesia: Missed Opportunities and Unintended ConsequencesBefore the Transition: KIPP and the Precedent for Independent Monitoring in IndonesiaPlanning for the 1999 Elections: University-Based Monitoring and MoreThe Performance of Principal EMOsUnintended Consequences of Foreign Funding and AdviceIneffective Coordination among International Organizations and DonorsPoor Advice from International Organizations and DonorsCollaboration between International and Domestic ObserversCalibrating International Assessments in Response to Domestic Concerns13. Verifying the Vote Count: Quick Counts, Parallel Tabulations, and Exit Polls in Macedonia and IndonesiaQuick Counts and PVTsStatistically Based and Comprehensive TabulationsLimitations of Exit Polls in Transitional or Postconflict Elections: The Experience of MacedoniaMonitoring the Vote Count in Indonesia: Too Much of a Good ThingChoosing Appropriate ToolsPart IV: Toward More Meaningful International Election Monitoring14. Toward More Meaningful International Election MonitoringImproving the Methodologies and Professionalism of International Election ObserversImproving International Support for Nonpartisan Domestic MonitoringToward Best PracticesAppendix: Elections and Election Monitoring in Newly Democratic and Semiauthoritarian CountriesNotesIndex
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Thorough and richly documented... Contains the right mix of facts and statistics... Those interested in election monitoring will find it indispensable. -- Thomas G. Walker Law and Politics Book Review 2005 Authoritative study of an important but neglected topic. Future Survey 2005
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Eric Bjornlund combines solid research and extensive knowledge with vast practical experience (including insightful vignettes from several case studies) to produce a first rate book on the history and evolution of election observation. Given the dearth of written material that reflects the experience and lessons learned of the last 15 years of democracy promotion, Bjornlund has made a major contribution to the scholarly and policy work on an important subject. This book is a must read for anyone seeking to understand the complexities, challenges and achievements of programs and people working to improve elections around the world. —Jennifer Windsor, Freedom House
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Eric Bjornlund combines solid research and extensive knowledge with vast practical experience (including insightful vignettes from several case studies) to produce a first rate book on the history and evolution of election observation. Given the dearth of written material that reflects the experience and lessons learned of the last 15 years of democracy promotion, Bjornlund has made a major contribution to the scholarly and policy work on an important subject. This book is a must read for anyone seeking to understand the complexities, challenges and achievements of programs and people working to improve elections around the world. -- Jennifer Windsor, Freedom House 2004 Eric Bjornlund has written a book that has been much needed for years-a comprehensive, incisive account of the critically important field of election monitoring in new democracies. Moreover he has produced a masterful, field-defining work, infused with a probing, judicious spirit of constructive criticism, grounded in a wide range of practical cases, and packed with insights about how to do better. -- Thomas Carothers, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 2004 An outstanding book in a important field. On the basis of an extensive field experience, Bjornlund combines insightful conceptual analysis with detailed descriptions of relevant cases. A recommended reading for those involved in electoral observation. -- Horacio Boneo, former Director, United Nations Electoral Assistance Division 2004
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Produktdetaljer

ISBN
9780801880506
Publisert
2004-12-28
Utgiver
Vendor
Johns Hopkins University Press
Vekt
544 gr
Høyde
229 mm
Bredde
152 mm
Dybde
27 mm
Aldersnivå
UU, UP, P, 05, 06
Språk
Product language
Engelsk
Format
Product format
Heftet
Antall sider
408

Forfatter

Biographical note

Eric Bjornlund is a founder and principal of Democracy International, which evaluates and assists democracy and governance programs worldwide. He has also been associate director and Asia director of the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs. He was a fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in 2000-2001.