The "Gold Standard" in Biochemistry text books, Biochemistry 4e, is a modern classic that has been thoroughly revised. Don and Judy Voet explain biochemical concepts while offering a unified presentation of life and its variation through evolution.

Guide to Media Resources xvi PART I INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1 1 Life 3 2 Aqueous Solutions 40 3 Thermodynamic Principles: A Review 52 PART II BIOMOLECULES 65 4 Amino Acids 67 5 Nucleic Acids, Gene Expression, and Recombinant DNA Technology 82 6 Techniques of Protein and Nucleic Acid Purifications 129 7 Covalent Structures of Proteins and Nucleic Acids 163 8 Three-Dimensional Structures of Proteins 221 9 Protein Folding, Dynamics, and Structural Evolution 278 10 Hemoglobin: Protein Function in Microcosm 323 11 Sugars and Polysaccharides 359 12 Lipids and Membranes 386 PART III MECHANISMS OF ENZYME ACTION 467 13 Introduction to Enzymes 469 14 Rates of Enzymatic Reactions 482 15 Enzymatic Catalysis 506 PART IV METABOLISM 557 16 Introduction to Metabolism 559 17 Glycolysis 593 18 Glycogen Metabolism 638 19 Signal Transduction 671 20 Transport through Membranes 744 21 Citric Acid Cycle 789 22 Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation 823 23 Other Pathways of Carbohydrate Metabolism 871 24 Photosynthesis 901 25 Lipid Metabolism 940 26 Amino Acid Metabolism 1019 27 Energy Metabolism: Integration and Organ Specialization 1088 28 Nucleotide Metabolism 1107 PART V EXPRESSION AND TRANSMISSION OF GENETIC INFORMATION 1143 29 Nucleic Acid Structures 1145 30 DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination 1173 31 Transcription 1260 32 Translation 1338 33 Viruses: Paradigms for Cellular Function W-1 34 Eukaryotic Gene Expression W-53 35 Molecular Physiology W-165 (Chapters 33-35 are available on our website, www.wiley.com/college/voet) xii

About the Cover: The cover shows two paintings of horse heart cytochrome c. The upper painting, which was drawn by Irving Geis in collaboration with Richard Dickerson, was designed to show the influence of amino acid side chains on the protein’s three-dimensional folding pattern. The lower painting, also drawn by Geis, shows cytochrome c illuminated by its single iron atom in which its hydrophobic side chains are drawn in green. These paintings were made in the 1970s, when only a handful of protein structures were known (approximately 70,000 are now known) and the personal computers that we presently use to visualize them were many years in the future. It reminds us that biochemistry is a process driven by the creativity of the human mind. Our visualization tools have developed from pen, ink, and colored pencils to sophisticated computers and software. Without creativity, however, these tools have little use.

Guide to Media Resources xvi Part I Introduction and Background 1 1 Life 3 2 Aqueous Solutions 40 3 Thermodynamic Principles: A Review 52 Part II Biomolecules 65 4 Amino Acids 67 5 Nucleic Acids, Gene Expression, and Recombinant DNA Technology 82 6 Techniques of Protein and Nucleic Acid Purifications 129 7 Covalent Structures of Proteins and Nucleic Acids 163 8 Three-Dimensional Structures of Proteins 221 9 Protein Folding, Dynamics, and Structural Evolution 278 10 Hemoglobin: Protein Function in Microcosm 323 11 Sugars and Polysaccharides 359 12 Lipids and Membranes 386 Part III Mechanisms of Enzyme Action 467 13 Introduction to Enzymes 469 14 Rates of Enzymatic Reactions 482 15 Enzymatic Catalysis 506 Part IV Metabolism 557 16 Introduction to Metabolism 559 17 Glycolysis 593 18 Glycogen Metabolism 638 19 Signal Transduction 671 20 Transport through Membranes 744 21 Citric Acid Cycle 789 22 Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation 823 23 Other Pathways of Carbohydrate Metabolism 871 24 Photosynthesis 901 25 Lipid Metabolism 940 26 Amino Acid Metabolism 1019 27 Energy Metabolism: Integration and Organ Specialization 1088 28 Nucleotide Metabolism 1107 Part V Expression and Transmission of Genetic Information 1143 29 Nucleic Acid Structures 1145 30 DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination 1173 31 Transcription 1260 32 Translation 1338 33 Viruses: Paradigms for Cellular Function W-1 34 Eukaryotic Gene Expression W-53 35 Molecular Physiology W-165 (Chapters 33–35 are available on our website, www.wiley.com/college/voet)