Section I: Clinical Presentation ; Chapter 1. From the Era of Aretaeus to the Millennium: History of Bipolar Disorder Over 2000 Years ; Chapter 2. Update on Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Correlates of Bipolar Spectrum Disorder ; Chapter 3. Clinical Presentation & DSM-based Diagnostic Assessment ; Chapter 4. Differential Diagnosis & Bipolar Spectrum Disorders ; Chapter 5. Diagnosing Bipolar Disorder in Children and Adolescents ; Chapter 6. Effect of Public Awareness & Stigmatization on Accurate & Timely Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder ; Section II: Insights on Pathophysiology & Future Treatments ; Part I: Molecular Biology ; Chapter 7. Oxidative Damage & Its Treatment Impact ; Chapter 8. The Role of Signal Transduction Systems in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Bipolar Disorder ; Chapter 9. Cellular Resilience and Neurodegeneration and Their Impact on the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder ; Chapter 10. Immune Mechanisms and Inflammation & Their Treatment Impact ; Chapter 11. Circadian Rhythms and Sleep & Its Treatment Impact ; Chapter 12. HPA & HPT Axis & Their Treatment Impact ; Chapter 13. Translating Bio-markers and Bio-molecular Treatments to Clinical Practice: Assessment of Hypothesis Driven Clinical Trial Data ; Part II: Genetic ; Chapter 14. Bipolar Family & Bipolar Offspring Studies: Any Clues for Prevention or Early Intervention ; Chapter 15. The Emerging Genetics of Bipolar Disorder ; Part III: Cognition ; Chapter 16: Cognitive Impairments and Everyday Disability in Bipolar Illness ; Part IV: Neuroimaging ; Chapter 17. Structural & Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings & Their Treatment Impact ; Chapter 18. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Findings & Their Treatment Impact ; Chapter 19. PET Scan Findings & Their Treatment Impact ; Part V: Postmortem studies ; Chapter 20. Postmortem Findings in Bipolar Disorder & Their Treatment Impact ; Section III: Current Treatments ; Part I: Pharmacological Treatments ; Chapter 21. Treatment of Mania & Mixed States ; Chapter 22. Pharmacological Treatment of Acute Bipolar Depression ; Chapter 23. Maintenance Treatments in Bipolar Disorder ; Chapter 24. Importance of Early Intervention in Bipolar Disorder ; Chapter 25. Alternative and Complementary Treatments ; Part II: Somatic Non-Pharmacological Treatments ; Chapter 26. ECT and Bipolar Disorder ; Chapter 27. Neuromodulative Treatments for Bipolar Disorder: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Deep Brain Stimulation ; Part III: Adverse treatment effects ; Chapter 28. Management of Metabolic and Endocrinological Effects ; Chapter 29. Neurological, Cognitive and Neuroprotective Effects of Treatments in Bipolar Disorder ; Chapter 30. Treatment Induced Mood Instability-TEAs and Cycle Acceleration ; Part IV: Psychotherapy ; Chapter 31. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Psychoeducation ; Chapter 32. Family Focused Therapy, Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy & Dialectical Behavioral Therapy ; Part V: Comorbidity ; Chapter 33. Management of Comorbid Axis-I Psychiatric Disorders ; Chapter 34. Management of Cyclothymia and Comorbid Axis-II Psychiatric Disorders ; Chapter 35. Management of Comorbid Substance or Alcohol Abuse ; Chapter 36. Management of Comorbid Medical Problems ; Part VI: Suicidality ; Chapter 37. Clinical Management of Suicide Risk ; Part VII: Pregnancy & Lactation ; Chapter 38. Management of Bipolar Disorder During Pregnancy and Lactation ; Part VIII: Children & Adolescents ; Chapter 39. Management of Bipolar Disorder in Children and Adolescents ; Part IX: Elderly ; Chapter 40. Bipolar Disorder in the Elderly ; Section IV: Future Research ; Chapter 41. Placebo Response in Clinical Trials for Bipolar Disorder: Potential Causes, Potential Solutions ; Chapter 42. Strategies for Improving Randomized Trial Evidence in Treatment of Bipolar Disorder ; Chapter 43. Challenges in Designing Reliable and Feasible Treatment Trials for Bipolar Disorder ; Chapter 44. Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trials ; Chapter 45. Traditional and Novel Research Synthesis Approaches to Support Evidence-based Treatment Decisions