Using an array of historical examples, including Biblical conflicts, Viking raids in Europe, strategic bombing campaigns in the Second World War, and ethnic battles of the Balkans, this book shows how most of the aspects of competition illustrated with plants and animals can be extended to the interactions of human beings and their societies.

1 Studying Competition.- 1.1 The Importance of Competition.- 1.2 Stress, Strain and the Costs of Competition.- 1.3 Other Views on the Definition of Competition.- 1.4 Kinds of Competition.- 1.5 Historical Foundations: The First Competition Experiment.- 1.6 Competitive Dominance.- 1.7 Competition and the Organization of Living Systems.- 1.8 Competition and Human Societies.- 1.9 Conclusion.- 2 Resources.- 2.1 Kinds of Resources.- 2.2 Resources for Primary Producers.- 2.3 Resources for Consumers.- 2.4 Experimental Studies of Foraging for Resources in Patchy Environments.- 2.5 Effects of Chronic Scarcity of Resources.- 2.6 Resource Levels Change with Time.- 2.7 Humans and Resources.- 2.8 Conclusion.- 3 Competition in Action.- 3.1 Case Studies of Intraspecific Competition.- 3.2 Case Studies of Interspecific Competition.- 3.3 Literature Review of Case Studies.- 3.4 The Current Situation.- 4 Choosing the Tools.- 4.1 Descriptive, Comparative and Experimental Studies.- 4.2 Descriptive Studies.- 4.3 Comparative Studies.- 4.4 Experimental Studies.- 4.5 Choosing a Research Path.- 5 Competitive Hierarchies.- 5.1 Patterns in Community Matrices.- 5.2 Eight Examples of Communities with Competitive Hierarchies.- 5.3 On the Consistency of Hierarchies.- 5.4 Monocultures and Mechanisms.- 5.5 Intra-and Intergroup Competition Among Humans.- 5.6 Conclusion.- 6 Traits and Competitive Performance.- 6.1 Relative Abundance Patterns.- 6.2 Ants.- 6.3 Plants.- 6.4 Amphibians.- 6.5 Apes.- 6.6 The Problem of Co-existence and Competitive Similarity.- 6.7 Conclusion: A Place for Everything.- 7 Competition Gradients.- 7.1 The Search for Gradients of Competition Intensity.- 7.2 Experimental Gradients.- 7.3 The Universal Constant of Competition.- 7.4 On Discrepancies and Reconciliations.- 7.5 Competition and Succession.- 7.6 Conclusion.- 8 Extending the Generality of Field Experiments.- 8.1 Criticisms Regarding Lack of Generality.- 8.2 Demonstrating Generality of Pattern.- 8.3 Using Increased Numbers of Species.- 8.4 Providing a Comparative Context.- 8.5 Using General Experimental Factors.- 8.6 Arrangement Along Gradients.- 8.7 Practical Trade-offs.- 8.8 A Large Scale Competition Experiment.- 8.9 Conclusion.- 9 Modelling Competition.- 9.1 Kinds of Models.- 9.2 The Lokta-Volterra Models.- 9.3 The MacArthur Model for Resource Subdivision.- 9.4 Loop Analysis and Apparent Competition.- 9.5 Competition Along Gradients.- 9.6 A Resource Competition Model.- 9.7 A Biomechanical Model.- 9.8 A Spatial Model.- 9.9 A Model of Behaviour and Habitat Use.- 9.10 Competitive Neighbourhood Models.- 9.11 Competition in Forests: The JABOWA and FORET Models.- 9.12 The Lateral Pressure Model for Global Conflict.- 9.13 The Richardson Arms Race Model.- 9.14 Two Graphical Models for Resource Partitioning.- 9.15 Obstacles to Testing Models.- 9.16 Conclusion.- 10 Competition, Pragmatism and Comparison.- 10.1 A Pragmatic Approach to Competition.- 10.2 The Search for General Patterns in Astronomy.- 10.3 Comparisons Among Habitats.- 10.4 Constraints on Competition in Plant Communities.- 10.5 Constraints on Competition in Animal Communities.- 10.6 Comparisons Among Organisms.- 10.7 Making Theories Operational for Hypothesis Testing.- 10.8 Experimental Stress and Disturbance Gradients.- 10.9 Meta-analysis in Competition Studies.- 10.10 Three Kinds of Community Structure (Resource Partitioning Revisited).- 10.11 Competition, Resources and Tyranny.- 11 Goals and Obstacles in the Study of Competition.- 11.1 Setting Goals.- 11.2 Brains and Their Limitations.- 11.3 Choosing a Question.- 11.4 Choosing Appropriate Model Systems.- 11.5 Selecting a Conceptual Approach.- 11.6 Obstacles to Communication.- 11.7 Conclusion.- References.

"Competition (2nd Edition) by Keddy provides an overview of past and current work on competition, and suggests promising directions for future research. The book includes many elements that should help accelerate the rate at which knowledge is gained in the field. It  encourages the consideration of taxonomic groups belonging to all kingdoms, not only the study of charismatic mammal and bird species. Accordingly, Keddy provides examples of competition in a wide array of species, including interesting examples suggesting that today's human societies have been largely shaped by competitive interactions. Competition (2nd Edition) is more than a literature review; the book also highlights exciting new research areas, and suggests how to empirically approach these deserving themes. It constitutes an important contribution to the field by providing the means to enhance the value of future competition studies. Ecologists should benefit from reading the book because it provides tools to maximize the rate of knowledge acquisition per unit of research effort." (Daniel Fortin, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Ecoscience, 10:3 (2003) "This expanded and revised edition of Paul Keddy's well known book on competition includes many recent examples and new written chapters on competition gradients, competitive hierachies and resoureces with extended discussion of models and of evolutionary aspects of the subject. It contains examples to help explain the theories being discussed and there are numerous line drawings." (Review Editor Bulletin of the British Ecological Society, August 2003, 34:3)