Introduction: The European Enigma Chapter 1: Introducing the Constitutional Tool Kit Chapter 2: A Theory of Constitutional Synthesis Chapter 3: From Paris to Nice: The Constitutional Path of European Integration Chapter 4: From Laeken to Lisbon: Moving Beyond Synthesis or Heightened Constitutional Ambiguity? Chapter 5: Untangling the Knots by Means of the Theory of Constitutional Synthesis Chapter 6: Canada's Constitutional Experience and Lessons for Europe Conclusion: The Future of a Constitutional Experiment

This breakthrough book provides new tools for understanding the distinctive features of the EU's constitutional development-and thereby permits a deeper understanding of the EU's place in the larger world of Western constitutionalism. -- Bruce Ackerman, Yale UniversityThe theory of constitutional synthesis is a well-argued exercise in normative realism. The authors' intense long-term cooperation across disciplines is clearly visible and has paid off handsomely. -- Christian Joerges, University of BremenA brilliant and outstanding work on European constitutionalism, written from a critical democratic point of view. Sharply argued, clearly articulated, and enthralling, this book offers a persuasive argument for carrying the European project forward. -- Hauke Brunkhorst, Flensburg UniversityEmerging from a masterful blend of interdisciplinary scholarship and intellectual ambition, this theoretical perspective makes visible the normative, analytical, and practical merits of a post-state and post-national understanding of the EU. -- Rainer Schmalz-Bruns, Leibniz UniversityHistorically erudite and broad in its scope, this book explains why and how essential parts of Union law have been severed from the original common constitutional template and have begun to unravel the common bond. A timely and important attempt to address the unfolding crisis. -- Alexander Somek, University of IowaCogently argued and accessible to a broad audience, this volume successfully addresses many of the key issues relating to the ongoing constitutionalization of the European Union. Fossum and Menendez offer an astute analysis that succeeds in relating European developments to constitutional trends in North America and elsewhere. Highly recommended! -- William E. Scheuerman, Professor of Political Science and International Studies, Indiana University

John Erik Fossum is professor at ARENA (Centre for European Studies) at the University of Oslo. Agustin Jose Menendez is Profesor Contratado Doctor Permanente I3 at the University of Leon and RECON research fellow at ARENA.