Preface xi About the Editors xiii Editors and Consultants xv Introduction xxi Culture of the Health Care Provider xxii Purpose of the Book xxiii Strategies for Providers xxiv Part 1 Cultural Traditions 1 1. Africa 3 Cape Verde 3 Eritrea 7 Ethiopia 11 Nigeria 15 Somalia 18 2. Asia 23 Cambodia 23 China 27 India 31 Japan 35 Vietnam 39 3. Central America and the Caribbean 43 Central America and Mexico 43 Dominican Republic 47 Haiti 50 4. Europe 53 Greece 53 Gypsies (Roma) 56 Portugal 61 Russia 64 5. The Middle East 67 Saudi Arabia 67 6. South America 71 Brazil 71 7. North America 75 African American 75 Native American (North American Indian) 79 Puerto Rico 83 8. Nationality-Independent Cultural Groups 87 Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing 87 Families with Gay or Lesbian Parents 91 Case Study: Caribbean Culture 95 Part 2. Religious Traditions 99 9. Religion and Spirituality 101 Special Issues for Providers 101 Facilitating Discussion About Spiritual Matters 103 10. Religions 107 Buddhism 107 Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mormon) 111 First Church of Christ, Scientist (Christian Science) 116 Hinduism 122 Islam (the Faith of Muslims) 126 Jehovah's Witness 131 Judaism 135 Eastern Orthodox 140 Protestantism (Christian) 144 Roman Catholicism 148 Santeria 153 Case Study: Rabbi Shapiro 157 Part 3. Tools 161 11. Utilizing Resources to Better Serve Multicultural Patients 163 Consultation on Cultural or Religious Issues 163 Interpreter Services 164 Pastoral Care 169 Other Members of the Health Care Team 169 External Consultants 169 Template for Collecting Cultural Information 170 Template for Collecting Information About Religious Traditions 172 12. Meeting Joint Commission Standards Related to Culture and Religion 175 Assessment of Patients 177 Patient and Family Education 179 Care of Patients 186 Patient Rights 190 Standards Update, 2001 196 Ongoing Challenges 199 Appendix 203 Standard for Nursing Practice: Culture and Care 203 Emergency Baptism Procedures 205 Ethics Committee Consultation 207 Ethics of Redirecting Goals of Care 209 Religious Objections to Blood Transfusions 214 Organ and Tissue Donation 216 Patient and Family Education 219 References and Other Resources 223 Index 229