Design, implementation and operational issues related to instrumentation (Chapter Seven), management and decision making (Chapter Eight), and reporting and utilization of results (Chapter Nine) are next addressed.

1. Educational Evaluation: Definitions, Purposes, and Processes.- The Nature of Project and Program Evaluation.- The Roles of Evaluation.- Evaluation Is Not Research.- Activities in the Evaluation Process.- Evaluation Truisms.- Cogitations.- Suggested Readings.- 2. Criteria for Effective and Ethical Evaluation Practice.- The Place of Values.- The Importance of Ethics.- Professional Standards and Metaevaluation.- An Example Lesson from the Standards.- Cogitations.- Suggested Readings.- 3. Evaluation Goals, Objectives, and Questions.- Identifying and Involving Stakeholders.- Kinds of Evaluation Questions.- Levels of Specificity in Educational Outcomes.- Program Development and Evaluation Questions.- Developing Evaluation Questions.- Standard Setting.- Evaluation Questions and the Utilization of Results.- Cogitations.- Suggested Readings.- 4. Evaluation Metaphors.- The Nature of Metaphors in Education and Evaluation.- The Management Evaluation Metaphor.- An Illustration of a CIPP Evaluation: Evaluating a Gifted and Talented Program.- The Judicial Metaphor.- The Anthropological Metaphor.- An Attempt at Responsive Evaluation: Evaluating a Teacher Evaluation System.- The Consumer Metaphor.- Metaphor Selection: In Praise of Eclecticism.- Cogitations.- Suggested Readings.- 5. Quantitatively Oriented Data Collection Designs.- Factors Affecting Evaluation Design Decisions.- Elements of a Data Collection Design.- The Validity of Data Collection Designs.- Data Collection Designs.- Cogitations.- Suggested Readings.- 6. Qualitative and Ethnographic Evaluation.- A Rationale for Interpretive Inquiry.- Qualitative Design Issues.- Data Collection Methods.- Data Analysis.- Cogitations.- Suggested Readings.- 7. Creating and Selecting Instrumentation.- Characteristics of High-Quality Data.-Types of Measures.- Opinionnaire and Free-Response Methods.- Observation Methods.- Approaches to the Assessment of Affective Variables.- Authentic Assessment.- Locating Information About Measuring Devices.- Cogitations.- Suggested Readings.- 8. Managing Evaluations.- The Role of the Evaluator.- Planning Considerations.- Legal Considerations.- Cost Considerations.- Decision Making.- Cogitations.- Suggested Readings.- 9. Communicating and Using Evaluation Results.- A Rationale for Reporting.- Report Preparation.- Factors Related to Utilization of Evaluation Results.- Cogitations.- Suggested Readings.- 10. Evaluating Educational Materials.- Criteria for Evaluating Educational Materials.- Evaluating Instructional Text.- Evaluating Computer Educational Software.- Cogitations.- Suggested Readings.- References.- Appendices.- A. Multiple Criterion Measures for Evaluation of School Programs.- B. Contract for Professional Services.- Contract for Educational Program Audit.- Name Index.