In November 1095, Pope Urban II called on Christian rulers and European knights to drive the Muslims from the Holy Land and reclaim Jerusalem for Christendom. The resulting wars lasted for more than three centuries and their effects are still felt in the 21st century, as conflicts between Christians and Muslims continue to flare throughout the world. This atlas chronicles this turning point in European history. Containing evidence from discoveries and research, the book examines the causes, developments, and people who fought for their faith and themselves. Historical accounts are accompanied by specially-commissioned maps and illustrations to provide a rich tapestry of this Medieval era.