Biographical note

Pierre-Marie Dupuy is Emeritus Professor at the University of Paris II (Panthéon-Assas) and at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva. He also held the chair of general international law at the European University Institute in Florence (2000–8). Professor Dupuy has extensive experience in international law practice, in particular as counsel for governments in numerous cases before the International Court of Justice and as international arbitrator in the field of international investments law. He is a member of the Institut de Droit International (International Law Institute). Jorge E. Viñuales is the Harold Samuel Professor of Law and Environmental Policy at the University of Cambridge and is the Director of the Cambridge Centre for Environment, Energy and Natural Resource Governance (C-EENRG). He is also Of Counsel at Lalive and a member of the Compliance Committee of the UNECE Protocol on Water and Health. Before joining Cambridge, he held the Pictet Chair of International Law at the Graduate Institute, Geneva, where he keeps an affiliation. Professor Viñuales has wide experience as a practitioner both in litigation, as arbitrator, counsel and expert, and in transactional matters relating to international law.