Acknowledgements v Introduction xi Part 1 English language teaching today 1 1 The scope of English and English language teaching 3 2 Second language learning 30 3 Approaches and methods 57 4 Developing knowledge, skills and awareness in teaching 105 Part 2 Facilitating student learning 133 5 The second language learner 135 6 The language lesson 168 7 Managing classroom learning 195 8 Age-appropriate pedagogy 220 Part 3 Language and the four skills 259 9 Grammar 261 10 Vocabulary 296 11 Pronunciation 335 12 Listening 369 13 Speaking 406 14 Reading 442 15 Writing 478 16 Discourse and pragmatics 516 Part 4 The teacher's environment 555 17 The language course 557 18 Textbooks 593 19 Technology 634 20 Testing and assessment 665 21 Professional development 694 Glossary 730 About the author 753 List of contributors 754 References 760 Index 804