PART ONEINTRODUCTION TO THE LIVING ANIMALEXERCISE 1The Microscope 3Exercise 1A: Compound Light Microscope 3Exercise 1B: Stereoscopic DissectingMicroscope 8Exercise 1C: Electron Microscope 9EXERCISE2Cell Structure and Division 13Exercise 2A: The Cell-Unit of ProtoplasmicOrganization 13Exercise 2B: Cell Division-Mitosis andCytokinesis 16EXERCISE3Gametogenesis and Embryology 25Exercise 3A: Meiosis-Maturation Division ofGerm Cells 25Exercise 3B: Cleavage Patterns-Spiral and RadialCleavage 36Exercise 3C: Frog Development 44EXERCISE4Tissue Structure and Function 47Exercise 4: Tissues Combined into Organs 54PARTTWOTHEDIVERSITY OF ANIMAL LIFEEXERCISE5Ecological Relationships of Animals 63Exercise 5A: A Study ofPopulation Growth, with Application of the Scientific Method 63Exercise 5B: Ecology ofa Freshwater Habitat 67EXERCISE6Introduction to Animal Taxonomy 77Exercise 6A: PhylogenyReconstruction-How to Make a Cladogram 78Exercise 6B: Use of aTaxonomic Key for Organism Identification 83EXERCISE7Unicellular Eukaryotes 89Exercise 7A: PhylumAmoebozoa-Amoeba and Others 89Exercise 7B: PhylaEuglenozoa and Viridiplantae-Euglena, Volvox, and Trypanosoma 97Exercise 7C: PhylumApicomplexa-Plasmodium and Gregarina 106Exercise 7D: PhylumCiliophora-Paramecium and Other Ciliates 109Experimenting inZoology: Effect of Temperature on the Locomotor Activity of Stentor 115Experimenting inZoology: Genetic Polymorphism in Tetrahymena 117EXERCISE8The Sponges 121Exercise 8: Class Calcispongiae-Sycon 121EXERCISE9The Radiate Animals 131Exercise 9A: Class Hydrozoa- Hydra, Obelia, and Gonionemus132Exercise 9B: Class Scyphozoa-Aurelia, a "True" Jellyfish138Exercise 9C: Class Anthozoa- Metridium, a Sea Anemone,and Astrangia, a Stony Coral 140Experimenting in Zoology: Predator Functional Response: FeedingRate in Hydra 147EXERCISE10The Flatworms 149Exercise 10A: Class Turbellaria- Planarians 150Exercise 10B: Class Trematoda- Digenetic Flukes 153Exercise 10C: Class Cestoda- Tapeworms 158Experimenting in Zoology: Planaria Regeneration Experiment 167EXERCISE11Nematodes and Four Small Protostome Phyla 171Exercise 11A: Phylum Nematoda -Ascaris and Others 172Exercise 11B: A Brief Look at Some Other Protostomes 179EXERCISE12The Molluscs 183Exercise 12A: Class Bivalvia = Pelecypoda)-Freshwater Clam 184Exercise 12B: Class Gastropoda-Pulmonate Land Snail 191Exercise 12C: Class Polyplacophora- Chitons 194Exercise 12D: Class Cephalopoda-Loligo, theSquid 195 EXERCISE 13 The Annelids 201 Exercise 13A: Class Errantia- Clamworm 202 Exercise 13B: Class Sedentaria Earthworm 204 Exercise 13C: Family Hirudinidae- Leech 215 Experimenting in Zoology: Behavior of Medicinal Leeches, Hirudomedicinalis 217 EXERCISE14 The Chelicerate Arthropods 219 Exercise 14: Chelicerate Arthropods-Horseshoe Crab and Garden Spider 220 EXERCISE15 The Crustacean Arthropods 227 Exercise 15A: Subphylum Crustacea- Crayfish,Lobsters, and Other Crustaceans 227 Experimenting in Zoology: The PhototacticBehavior of Daphnia 239 EXERCISE16 The Arthropods 241 Exercise 16A: Myriapods-Centipedes andMillipedes 241 Exercise 16B: Insects-Grasshopper andHoneybee 243 Exercise 16C: Insects-House Cricket 251 Exercise 16D: Metamorphosis of Drosophila254 Exercise 16E: Collectionand Classification of Insects 255 EXERCISE 17 The Echinoderms 265 Exercise 17A: Class Asteroidea-Sea Stars 266 Exercise 17B: Class Ophiuroidea-Brittle Stars 270 Exercise 17C: Class Echinoidea-Sea Urchins 273 Exercise 17D: Class Holothuroidea-Sea Cucumbers 275 Exercise 17E: Class Crinoidea-Feather Stars and Sea Lilies 278 EXERCISE18 Phylum Chordata: A Deuterostome Group 281 Exercise 18A: Subphylum Urochordata- Ciona, an Ascidian283 Exercise 18B: Subphylum Cephalochordata-Amphioxus 285 EXERCISE19 The Fishes-Lampreys, Sharks, and Bony Fishes 291 Exercise 19A: Class Petromyzontida- Lampreys (Ammocoete Larvaand Adult) 291 Exercise 19B: Class Chondrichthyes- Cartilaginous Fishes 296 Exercise 19C: Class Actinopterygii-Bony Fishes 301 Experimenting in Zoology: Agonistic Behavior in Paradise Fish, Macropodusopercularis 307 Experimenting in Zoology: Analysis of the Multiple Hemoglobin System in Carassiusauratus, Common Goldfish 309 EXERCISE 20 The Amphibians: Frogs 313 Exercise 20A: Behavior and Adaptations 314 Exercise 20B: Skeleton 318