This book educates practicing otolaryngologists and trainees in the diverse spectrum of surgical and medical interventions available for recalcitrant CRS, with an emphasis on novel therapeutic modalities. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) represents one of the most common healthcare problems in the United States (US), with 1 in 6 adults affected and 31 million individuals newly diagnosed each year. Over 22 billion dollars are spent annually in US health care expenditures due to the cost of prescription medications, surgical interventions, and loss of productivity. Management of CRS recalcitrant to standard medical and surgical intervention continues to present a challenge for many otolaryngologists. An overall productivity cost of $10000/per patient per year is estimated for those with such refractory CRS. The last decade has seen significant expansion in treatment armamentarium for such recalcitrant disease. Systemic immunomodulatory biologics and a vast array of topical agents have also been introduced.

Advances in Surgical and Medical Interventions for Recalcitrant Chronic Rhinosinusitis serves otolaryngologists and trainees in the most up-to-date techniques both surgical and otherwise to address this pervasive issue. It describes new surgical approaches and recent technologic innovations for management of recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis, discusses novel medical therapies including nascent systemic biotherapeutics, immunomodulators, and topical additives to assess their potential role in the treatment of refractory chronic rhinosinusitis, and assists practitioners in understanding the relevant evidence, outcomes, and proper application of each therapeutic modality in patients with recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis. Chapters addressing operative and clinic procedures will offer accompanying videos depicting surgical techniques in addition to illustrations and step-by-step descriptions.