Because of the significance of morphology and cellular communication unique to the functioning and interdependence of neural systems, many of the advances in the neurosciences rely on classic as well as new microscopy techniques. A convenient bench-top format**Methods presented for easy adaptation to new systems**Comprehensive protocols included for**Autoradiography: measurement of hormone receptors, high-resolution techniques, double labeling and combined techniques**Statistical and computational methods: video imaging, three-dimensional reconstructions, means of structural quantitation, unbiased sampling methods, measurement of analysis of neuronal connections, staining, and individual axon arbors**Tracing neuronal connections: tracer, toxin, and dye methods**Staining techniques: fluoro-gold, SITS, and silver impregnation**Freezing techniques: freeze fracture and cryoprotection**Combined and high-resolution techniques: double-label tracer techniques, incident light polarization, light and electron microscopic techniques