1 Foreword Chapter 2 Preface Chapter 3 Introduction Chapter 4 1 Armed Forces and Humanitarian Action: Past and Present Chapter 5 2 Framework for Estimating Military Costs and Civilian Benefits from Intervention Chapter 6 3 Northern Iraq, 1991-1996: A Difficult Act to Follow? Chapter 7 4 Somalia, 1992-1995: The Death of Pollyannaish Humanitarianism? Chapter 8 5 Bosnia, 1992-1995: Convoluted Charity? Chapter 9 6 Rwanda, 1994-1995: Better Late Than Never? Chapter 10 7 Haiti, 1991-1996: Why Wait So Long? Chapter 11 8 East Timor and Kosovo, 1999-2129: A Vintage Year for Humanitarian Intervention? Chapter 12 9 September 11, Afghanistan, and Iraq: What Are the Implications for Humanitarian Intervention? Chapter 13 10 The Responsibility to Protect: Costs, Benefits, Quandaries

The first edition of this important work was a groundbreaking effort to draw comparative conclusions from the accumulated cases of military-civilian interaction in humanitarian/political emergencies. It rapidly became essential reading for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners as they attempted to come to grips with the dilemmas of external engagement in wars within states. This edition breaks new ground and takes account of conceptual innovations at the end of the 1990s. It sharpens the comparative logic further through persuasive analyses of interventions in Kosovo, East Timor, Iraq, and Afganistan. Most important, it provides an eminently realistic, if cautious, assessment of the lessons we can draw from the accumulated experience of the post–Cold War era.