Such techniques include marker genes and other DNA-based techniques, serology using polyclonals or monoclonals, the use of enzymes or secondary metabolite profiles, and `electronic noses' as well as more traditional methods like dilution plating.

Monitoring of antagonistic fungi. Perspectives, needs and legislation.- Fungal Ecology.- Some aspects of fungal ecology.- Quantification of fungal growth in the environment.- Population growths and survival of Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma virens in sphagnum peat.- Occurrence of Gliocladium roseum on barley roots in sand and field soil.- Use of a metalaxyl tolerant Pythium oligandrum isolate for selectively following its population in soil and its colonization of roots of diseased and non-diseased plants.- Recovery and detection of deuteromycete conidia from soil.- The prevalence of Fusarium solani in wrinkled and roundseeded pea genotypes.- Release of a cord-forming basidiomycete antagonistic to Heterobasidion annosum and its subsequent reisolation and identification.- Methods to quantify nematophagus fungi in soil: Microscopy or GUS gene activity.- Monitoring of a GUS transformed strain of Trichoderma harzianum in soil and rhizosphere.- Monitoring growth of Bipolaris sorokiniana in plant tissue using GUS (?-glucuronidase) as a marker.- Secondary Metabolites and Enzymes.- Identification of fungi by secondary metabolites.- Prehelminthosporol, a Phytotoxin from Bipolaris sorokiniana.- Monitoring the activity of different Trichoderma isolates by the isoelectric points (pI) of their extracellular enzymes.- DNA-Technioues.- PCR-based methods — a promising tool for detection and identification of fungi in soil.- Identification and characterization of isolates of Trichoderma and Gliocladium by PCR-based methods.- Identification of nematode-trapping fungi of the genus Arthrobotrys using RFLP analysis of PCR-amplified rDNA.- Cloning and characterization of Trichoderma harzianum genes induced during growth on Rhizoctonia solani cell walls.- Serological Methods.-Development of immunoassays for the detection and quantification of fungi.- Development of monoclonal antibody-based immunoassays for the quantification of Rhizoctonia solani and Trichoderma harzianum in soil.- Group Discussion in Plenum.- Non disruptive in situ detection methods.- Techniques for monitoring Trichoderma in the phyllosphere.