□□I□.□ □C□o□n□c□e□p□t□s□ □a□n□d□ □T□o□o□l□s□□ □1□.□ □C□o□m□i□n□g□ □o□f□ □A□g□e□□ □P□r□e□p□a□r□i□n□g□ □t□o□ □L□e□a□r□n□ □S□E□M□□ □D□e□f□i□n□i□t□i□o□n□ □o□f□ □S□E□M□□ □I□m□p□o□r□t□a□n□c□e□ □o□f□ □T□h□e□o□r□y□□ □A□ □P□r□i□o□r□i□,□ □b□u□t□ □N□o□t□ □E□x□c□l□u□s□i□v□e□l□y□ □C□o□n□f□i□r□m□a□t□o□r□y□□ □P□r□o□b□a□b□i□l□i□s□t□i□c□ □C□a□u□s□a□t□i□o□n□□ □O□b□s□e□r□v□e□d□ □V□a□r□i□a□b□l□e□s□ □a□n□d□ □L□a□t□e□n□t□ □V□a□r□i□a□b□l□e□s□□ □D□a□t□a□ □A□n□a□l□y□z□e□d□ □i□n□ □S□E□M□□ □S□E□M□ □R□e□q□u□i□r□e□s□ □L□a□r□g□e□ □S□a□m□p□l□e□s□□ □L□e□s□s□ □E□m□p□h□a□s□i□s□ □o□n□ □S□i□g□n□i□f□i□c□a□n□c□e□ □T□e□s□t□i□n□g□□ □S□E□M□ □a□n□d□ □O□t□h□e□r□ □S□t□a□t□i□s□t□i□c□a□l□ □T□e□c□h□n□i□q□u□e□s□□ □S□E□M□ □a□n□d□ □O□t□h□e□r□ □C□a□u□s□a□l□ □I□n□f□e□r□e□n□c□e□ □F□r□a□m□e□w□o□r□k□s□□ □M□y□t□h□s□ □a□b□o□u□t□ □S□E□M□□ □W□i□d□e□s□p□r□e□a□d□ □E□n□t□h□u□s□i□a□s□m□,□ □b□u□t□ □w□i□t□h□ □a□ □C□a□u□t□i□o□n□a□r□y□ □T□a□l□e□□ □F□a□m□i□l□y□ □H□i□s□t□o□r□y□□ □S□u□m□m□a□r□y□□ □L□e□a□r□n□ □M□o□r□e□□ □2□.□ □R□e□g□r□e□s□s□i□o□n□ □F□u□n□d□a□m□e□n□t□a□l□s□□ □B□i□v□a□r□i□a□t□e□ □R□e□g□r□e□s□s□i□o□n□□ □M□u□l□t□i□p□l□e□ □R□e□g□r□e□s□s□i□o□n□□ □L□e□f□t□-□O□u□t□ □V□a□r□i□a□b□l□e□s□ □E□r□r□o□r□□ □S□u□p□p□r□e□s□s□i□o□n□□ □P□r□e□d□i□c□t□o□r□ □S□e□l□e□c□t□i□o□n□ □a□n□d□ □E□n□t□r□y□□ □P□a□r□t□i□a□l□ □a□n□d□ □P□a□r□t□ □C□o□r□r□e□l□a□t□i□o□n□□ □O□b□s□e□r□v□e□d□ □v□e□r□s□u□s□ □E□s□t□i□m□a□t□e□d□ □C□o□r□r□e□l□a□t□i□o□n□s□□ □L□o□g□i□s□t□i□c□ □R□e□g□r□e□s□s□i□o□n□ □a□n□d□ □P□r□o□b□i□t□ □R□e□g□r□e□s□s□i□o□n□□ □S□u□m□m□a□r□y□□ □L□e□a□r□n□ □M□o□r□e□□ □E□x□e□r□c□i□s□e□s□□ □3□.□ □S□i□g□n□i□f□i□c□a□n□c□e□ □T□e□s□t□i□n□g□ □a□n□d□ □B□o□o□t□s□t□r□a□p□p□i□n□g□□ □S□t□a□n□d□a□r□d□ □E□r□r□o□r□s□□ □C□r□i□t□i□c□a□l□ □R□a□t□i□o□s□□ □P□o□w□e□r□ □a□n□d□ □T□y□p□e□s□ □o□f□ □N□u□l□l□ □H□y□p□o□t□h□e□s□e□s□□ □S□i□g□n□i□f□i□c□a□n□c□e□ □T□e□s□t□i□n□g□ □C□o□n□t□r□o□v□e□r□s□y□□ □C□o□n□f□i□d□e□n□c□e□ □I□n□t□e□r□v□a□l□s□ □a□n□d□ □N□o□n□c□e□n□t□r□a□l□ □T□e□s□t□ □D□i□s□t□r□i□b□u□t□i□o□n□s□□ □B□o□o□t□s□t□r□a□p□p□i□n□g□□ □S□u□m□m□a□r□y□□ □L□e□a□r□n□ □M□o□r□e□□ □E□x□e□r□c□i□s□e□s□□ □4□.□ □D□a□t□a□ □P□r□e□p□a□r□a□t□i□o□n□ □a□n□d□ □P□s□y□c□h□o□m□e□t□r□i□c□s□ □R□e□v□i□e□w□□ □F□o□r□m□s□ □o□f□ □I□n□p□u□t□ □D□a□t□a□□ □P□o□s□i□t□i□v□e□ □D□e□f□i□n□i□t□e□n□e□s□s□□ □E□x□t□r□e□m□e□ □C□o□l□l□i□n□e□a□r□i□t□y□□ □O□u□t□l□i□e□r□s□□ □N□o□r□m□a□l□i□t□y□□ □T□r□a□n□s□f□o□r□m□a□t□i□o□n□s□□ □R□e□l□a□t□i□v□e□ □V□a□r□i□a□n□c□e□s□□ □M□i□s□s□i□n□g□ □D□a□t□a□□ □S□e□l□e□c□t□i□n□g□ □G□o□o□d□ □M□e□a□s□u□r□e□s□ □a□n□d□ □R□e□p□o□r□t□i□n□g□ □a□b□o□u□t□ □T□h□e□m□□ □S□c□o□r□e□ □R□e□l□i□a□b□i□l□i□t□y□□ □S□c□o□r□e□ □V□a□l□i□d□i□t□y□□ □I□t□e□m□ □R□e□s□p□o□n□s□e□ □T□h□e□o□r□y□ □a□n□d□ □I□t□e□m□ □C□h□a□r□a□c□t□e□r□i□s□t□i□c□ □C□u□r□v□e□s□□ □S□u□m□m□a□r□y□□ □L□e□a□r□n□ □M□o□r□e□□ □E□x□e□r□c□i□s□e□s□□ □5□.□ □C□o□m□p□u□t□e□r□ □T□o□o□l□s□□ □E□a□s□e□ □o□f□ □U□s□e□,□ □N□o□t□ □S□u□s□p□e□n□s□i□o□n□ □o□f□ □J□u□d□g□m□e□n□t□□ □H□u□m□a□n□&□n□d□a□s□h□;□C□o□m□p□u□t□e□r□ □I□n□t□e□r□a□c□t□i□o□n□□ □T□i□p□s□ □f□o□r□ □S□E□M□ □P□r□o□g□r□a□m□m□i□n□g□□ □S□E□M□ □C□o□m□p□u□t□e□r□ □T□o□o□l□s□□ □O□t□h□e□r□ □C□o□m□p□u□t□e□r□ □R□e□s□o□u□r□c□e□s□ □f□o□r□ □S□E□M□□ □C□o□m□p□u□t□e□r□ □T□o□o□l□s□ □f□o□r□ □t□h□e□ □S□C□M□□ □S□u□m□m□a□r□y□□ □L□e□a□r□n□ □M□o□r□e□□ □I□I□.□ □S□p□e□c□i□f□i□c□a□t□i□o□n□ □a□n□d□ □I□d□e□n□t□i□f□i□c□a□t□i□o□n□□ □6□.□ □S□p□e□c□i□f□i□c□a□t□i□o□n□ □o□f□ □O□b□s□e□r□v□e□d□ □V□a□r□i□a□b□l□e□ □(□P□a□t□h□)□ □M□o□d□e□l□s□□ □S□t□e□p□s□ □o□f□ □S□E□M□□ □M□o□d□e□l□ □D□i□a□g□r□a□m□ □S□y□m□b□o□l□s□□ □C□a□u□s□a□l□ □I□n□f□e□r□e□n□c□e□□ □S□p□e□c□i□f□i□c□a□t□i□o□n□ □C□o□n□c□e□p□t□s□□ □P□a□t□h□ □A□n□a□l□y□s□i□s□ □M□o□d□e□l□s□□ □R□e□c□u□r□s□i□v□e□ □a□n□d□ □N□o□n□r□e□c□u□r□s□i□v□e□ □M□o□d□e□l□s□□ □P□a□t□h□ □M□o□d□e□l□s□ □f□o□r□ □L□o□n□g□i□t□u□d□i□n□a□l□ □D□a□t□a□□ □S□u□m□m□a□r□y□□ □L□e□a□r□n□ □M□o□r□e□□ □E□x□e□r□c□i□s□e□s□□ □A□p□p□e□n□d□i□x□ □6□.□A□.□ □L□I□S□R□E□L□ □N□o□t□a□t□i□o□n□ □f□o□r□ □P□a□t□h□ □M□o□d□e□l□s□□ □7□.□ □I□d□e□n□t□i□f□i□c□a□t□i□o□n□ □o□f□ □O□b□s□e□r□v□e□d□ □V□a□r□i□a□b□l□e□ □(□P□a□t□h□)□ □M□o□d□e□l□s□□ □G□e□n□e□r□a□l□ □R□e□q□u□i□r□e□m□e□n□t□s□□ □U□n□i□q□u□e□ □E□s□t□i□m□a□t□e□s□□ □R□u□l□e□ □f□o□r□ □R□e□c□u□r□s□i□v□e□ □M□o□d□e□l□s□□ □I□d□e□n□t□i□f□i□c□a□t□i□o□n□ □o□f□ □N□o□n□r□e□c□u□r□s□i□v□e□ □M□o□d□e□l□s□□ □M□o□d□e□l□s□ □w□i□t□h□ □F□e□e□d□b□a□c□k□ □L□o□o□p□s□ □a□n□d□ □A□l□l□ □P□o□s□s□i□b□l□e□ □D□i□s□t□u□r□b□a□n□c□e□ □C□o□r□r□e□l□a□t□i□o□n□s□□ □G□r□a□p□h□i□c□a□l□ □R□u□l□e□s□ □f□o□r□ □O□t□h□e□r□ □T□y□p□e□s□ □o□f□ □N□o□n□r□e□c□u□r□s□i□v□e□ □M□o□d□e□l□s□□ □R□e□s□p□e□c□i□f□i□c□a□t□i□o□n□ □o□f□ □N□o□n□r□e□c□u□r□s□i□v□e□ □M□o□d□e□l□s□ □t□h□a□t□ □a□r□e□ □N□o□t□ □I□d□e□n□t□i□f□i□e□d□□ □A□ □H□e□a□l□t□h□y□ □P□e□r□s□p□e□c□t□i□v□e□ □o□n□ □I□d□e□n□t□i□f□i□c□a□t□i□o□n□□ □E□m□p□i□r□i□c□a□l□ □U□n□d□e□r□i□d□e□n□t□i□f□i□c□a□t□i□o□n□□ □M□a□n□a□g□i□n□g□ □I□d□e□n□t□i□f□i□c□a□t□i□o□n□ □P□r□o□b□l□e□m□s□□ □P□a□t□h□ □A□n□a□l□y□s□i□s□ □R□e□s□e□a□r□c□h□ □E□x□a□m□p□l□e□□ □S□u□m□m□a□r□y□□ □L□e□a□r□n□ □M□o□r□e□□ □E□x□e□r□c□i□s□e□s□□ □A□p□p□e□n□d□i□x□ □7□.□A□.□ □E□v□a□l□u□a□t□i□o□n□ □o□f□ □t□h□e□ □R□a□n□k□ □C□o□n□d□i□t□i□o□n□□ □8□.□ □G□r□a□p□h□ □T□h□e□o□r□y□ □a□n□d□ □t□h□e□ □S□t□r□u□c□t□u□r□a□l□ □C□a□u□s□a□l□ □M□o□d□e□l□□ □I□n□t□r□o□d□u□c□t□i□o□n□ □t□o□ □G□r□a□p□h□ □T□h□e□o□r□y□□ □E□l□e□m□e□n□t□a□r□y□ □D□i□r□e□c□t□e□d□ □G□r□a□p□h□s□ □a□n□d□ □C□o□n□d□i□t□i□o□n□a□l□ □I□n□d□e□p□e□n□d□e□n□c□e□s□□ □I□m□p□l□i□c□a□t□i□o□n□s□ □f□o□r□ □R□e□g□r□e□s□s□i□o□n□ □A□n□a□l□y□s□i□s□□ □d□-□S□e□p□a□r□a□t□i□o□n□□ □B□a□s□i□s□ □S□e□t□□ □C□a□u□s□a□l□ □D□i□r□e□c□t□e□d□ □G□r□a□p□h□s□□ □T□e□s□t□a□b□l□e□ □I□m□p□l□i□c□a□t□i□o□n□s□□ □G□r□a□p□h□i□c□a□l□ □I□d□e□n□t□i□f□i□c□a□t□i□o□n□ □C□r□i□t□e□r□i□a□□ □I□n□s□t□r□u□m□e□n□t□a□l□ □V□a□r□i□a□b□l□e□s□□ □C□a□u□s□a□l□ □M□e□d□i□a□t□i□o□n□□ □S□u□m□m□a□r□y□□ □L□e□a□r□n□ □M□o□r□e□□ □E□x□e□r□c□i□s□e□s□□ □A□p□p□e□n□d□i□x□ □8□.□A□.□ □L□o□c□a□t□i□n□g□ □C□o□n□d□i□t□i□o□n□a□l□ □I□n□d□e□p□e□n□d□e□n□c□e□s□ □i□n□ □D□i□r□e□c□t□e□d□ □C□y□c□l□i□c□ □G□r□a□p□h□s□□ □A□p□p□e□n□d□i□x□ □8□.□B□.□ □C□o□u□n□t□e□r□f□a□c□t□u□a□l□ □D□e□f□i□n□i□t□i□o□n□s□ □o□f□ □D□i□r□e□c□t□ □a□n□d□ □I□n□d□i□r□e□c□t□ □E□f□f□e□c□t□s□□ □9□.□ □S□p□e□c□i□f□i□c□a□t□i□o□n□ □a□n□d□ □I□d□e□n□t□i□f□i□c□a□t□i□o□n□ □o□f□ □C□o□n□f□i□r□m□a□t□o□r□y□ □F□a□c□t□o□r□ □A□n□a□l□y□s□i□s□ □M□o□d□e□l□s□□ □L□a□t□e□n□t□ □V□a□r□i□a□b□l□e□s□ □i□n□ □C□F□A□□ □F□a□c□t□o□r□ □A□n□a□l□y□s□i□s□□ □C□h□a□r□a□c□t□e□r□i□s□t□i□c□s□ □o□f□ □E□F□A□ □M□o□d□e□l□s□□ □C□h□a□r□a□c□t□e□r□i□s□t□i□c□s□ □o□f□ □C□F□A□ □M□o□d□e□l□s□□ □O□t□h□e□r□ □C□F□A□ □S□p□e□c□i□f□i□c□a□t□i□o□n□ □I□s□s□u□e□s□□ □I□d□e□n□t□i□f□i□c□a□t□i□o□n□ □o□f□ □C□F□A□ □M□o□d□e□l□s□□ □R□u□l□e□s□ □f□o□r□ □S□t□a□n□d□a□r□d□ □C□F□A□ □M□o□d□e□l□s□□ □R□u□l□e□s□ □f□o□r□ □N□o□n□s□t□a□n□d□a□r□d□ □C□F□A□ □M□o□d□e□l□s□□ □E□m□p□i□r□i□c□a□l□ □U□n□d□e□r□i□d□e□n□t□i□f□i□c□a□t□i□o□n□ □i□n□ □C□F□A□□ □C□F□A□ □R□e□s□e□a□r□c□h□ □E□x□a□m□p□l□e□□ □A□p□p□e□n

. -Perfectly addresses the needs of social scientists like me without formal training in mathematical statistics....Can be read by any graduate in psychology or even by keen undergraduates interested in exploring new vistas. Yet it will also constitute a surprisingly good read for experienced researchers in search of some refreshing insights in their favorite techniques....A real tour de force....Succeeds in reconciling comprehensiveness and comprehensibility. (on the second edition)--The Psychologist, 04/06/2015ƒƒThe greatest strength of this book is Kline's ability to present materials in an engaging, accessible manner. In nearly all situations, Kline is able to describe even the more complex material in practical, jargon-free terms....In this regard, this book is unparalleled, and I suspect that this strength alone will make this the book of choice for many who are eager to learn SEM but who do not possess extensive quantitative backgrounds...This book could be readily adapted to courses for students with a basic understanding of correlation and regression or as part of a course for more advanced students. (on the second edition)--PsycCRITIQUES, 04/06/2015ƒƒThis wonderfully written book is an impressive introduction to structural equation models (SEM) containing a sharp mix of expert analysis and observations....Contains important resources for both theoretical and applied researchers interested in SEMs...Appropriate as a text for graduate students and a reference for researchers, providing both audiences with valuable insight into the subject matter.. (on the second edition)--Journal of the American Statistical Association, 04/06/2015