List of Contributors ix Preface Gary Marcus and Jeremy Freeman xi MAPPING THE BRAIN Building Atlases of the Brain 3 Mike Hawrylycz with Chinh Dang, Christof Koch, and Hongkui Zeng Whole Brain Neuroimaging and Virtual Reality 17 Misha B. Ahrens Project MindScope 25 Christof Koch with Clay Reid, Hongkui Zeng, Stefan Mihalas, Mike Hawrylycz, John Philips, Chinh Dang, and Allan Jones The Connectome as a DNA Sequencing Problem 40 Anthony Zador Rosetta Brain 50 George Church with Adam Marblestone and Reza Kalhor COMPUTATION Understanding the Cortex through Grid Cells 67 May-Britt Moser and Edvard I. Moser Recording from Many Neurons Simultaneously: From Measurement to Meaning 78 Krishna V. Shenoy Network Neuroscience 90 Olaf Sporns Large-Scale Neuroscience: From Analytics to Insight 100 Jeremy Freeman SIMULATING THE BRAIN Whole Brain Simulation 111 Sean Hill Building a Behaving Brain 125 Chris Eliasmith LANGUAGE The Neurobiology of Language 139 David Poeppel Translating the Genome in Human Neuroscience 149 Simon E. Fisher Color plates follow p. 160 SKEPTICS Consciousness, Big Science, and Conceptual Clarity 161 Ned Block From Circuits to Behavior: A Bridge Too Far? 177 Matteo Carandini Lessons from Evolution 186 Leah Krubitzer Lessons from the Genome 194 Arthur Caplan with Nathan Kunzler The Computational Brain 205 Gary Marcus IMPLICATIONS Neurotechnology 219 John Donoghue The Miswired Brain, Genes, and Mental Illness 234 Kevin J. Mitchell Neural Dust: An Untethered Approach to Chronic Brain-Machine Interfaces 243 Michel M. Maharbiz with Dongjin Seo, Jose M. Carmena, Jan M. Rabaey, and Elad Alon AFTERWORD Neuroscience in 2064: A Look at the Last Century 255 Christof Koch and Gary Marcus Glossary 271 Index 275

One of Times Higher Education's Best Books of 2015 "The narratives attempt thought-provoking arguments for the future of the brain and the implications on ethics and human behaviour. A fascinating book for readers of all levels."--Library Journal "Dispatches from the scientific minds at the forefront of the quest to map and understand the myriad neural connections that constitute evolutions's most curious creation, the essays that make up The Future of the Brain serve as great primers in topics scientific and logistical: from memory and consciousness to the computer modeling of neural complexities to big-data analysis."--Bob Grant, The Scientist "A book called The Future of the Brain: Essays by the World's Leading Neuroscientists cannot have modest ambitions. The editors and authors of this collection of essays do not disappoint on that score, taking a broad, well-informed view of recent and potential advances in neuroscience and their implications for the field."--Sandra Aamodt, Nature Neuroscience "[The Future of the Brain] will leave readers both amazed and full of questions."--Richard E. Cytowic, New York Journal of Books "[T]he Future of the Brain offers a broad spectrum of introductions to different fields of current neuroscience research, perfect for readers interested in going beyond basic neuroscience."--Chris Kaperak, Daily "An awe-inspiring treasure trove of progress reports, frank opinions and exciting predictions from eminent neuroscientists of all genres."--Georgina Rippon, Times Higher Education

"A wonderful way to launch yourself into the exciting world of twenty-first-century neuroscience, whether you are a scientist or an intellectually curious layperson. The power in this sampler is that the coverage is not just technical but conceptual: the essays probe the ways in which an understanding of the brain will and won't illuminate the mind, and they do so with depth and balance rather than the usual breathless hype."—Steven Pinker, author of The Language Instinct and How the Mind Works"Have you ever wondered what's coming around the bend in terms of new insights into how the brain works? Open the pages of The Future of the Brain to find out. Gary Marcus and Jeremy Freeman have brought together some of the leading thinkers and researchers to share their vision of where we are headed. It's a fun, readable book full of insights."—Joseph LeDoux, author of The Emotional Brain and Synaptic Self"A deep, intriguing view into the most exciting advances in neuroscience. The Future of the Brain is a nuanced and thought-provoking guide to what we do and don't know about the human brain—and what we may or may not one day find out."—Maria Konnikova, author of Mastermind: How to Think Like Sherlock Holmes"Understanding, theorizing, and simulating the human brain are essential goals for twenty-first-century science and engineering. Surfing the fine line between science and science fiction, this book is a treasure trove of daring ideas."—Stanislas Dehaene, author of Consciousness and the Brain: Deciphering How the Brain Codes Our Thoughts"The brain is a complicated thing, and progress in understanding how it works may seem slow. Will creating huge research teams, collecting more data at higher resolutions, and sharing data more widely and openly kick-start a new wave of progress? Or does the field still need to make conceptual leaps before the results would even make sense? Brilliant minds on both sides describe their visions of the future of neuroscience in this collection of short, engaging essays."—Christopher Chabris, coauthor of The Invisible Gorilla: How Our Intuitions Deceive Us"Massive technological advances promise rapid and profound discoveries in neuroscience, with very broad implications for our understanding of behavior, ethics, and even religion. Featuring contributions by acknowledged experts, this collection provides a fascinating look at what is happening in the ‘big science' of the brain."—Michael C. Corballis, author of The Recursive Mind: The Origins of Human Language, Thought, and Civilization