This new edition of The Science of Environmental Pollution contains new information on endocrine disruptors in drinking water, contaminated sediments in surface waters, hydraulic fracturing wastewater, and more. Also, it will include new case studies, examples, and study questions.

Section I IntroductionChapter 1 Pollution: What Is It?Introduction: Deep and Gloomy WoodsPollution DefinedKey TermsPollution: Effects Often Easy to See, Feel, Taste, or SmellPreventing PollutionPollution and Environmental Science/HealthA Different ApproachEnvironmental Pollution and Technology: The ConnectionEnvironmental DegradationThe Good LifeScience and Technology Offer SolutionsThe Bottom LineDiscussion QuestionsReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 2 Pollution Science FundamentalsIntroductionBiogeochemical CyclesCarbon CycleNitrogen CyclePhosphorus CycleSulfur CycleEnergy Flow Through an Ecosystem and the BiosphereMaterials BalanceEnergy Flow in the BiosphereEnergy Flow in the EcosystemUnits of MeasurementUnits of MassUnits of LengthUnits of VolumeUnits of TemperatureUnits of PressureUnits Often Used in Environmental Pollution StudiesLiquidsGases or VaporsThe Bottom LineDiscussion QuestionsReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 3 Global Pollution: The ProblemIntroductionGlobal InterdependenceGlobal Pollution Problems: Causal FactorsFrontier MentalityPopulation GrowthDevelopmentDevelopment and Soil DegradationDevelopment and Fresh Water DegradationDevelopment and Atmospheric Air DegradationPollution and Global Environmental DegradationSo, What Is the Answer?Discussion QuestionsReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 4 Sources of PollutionA Historical PerspectiveIntroductionNatural PollutantsPollutant TerminologyPollutant-Related Terms DefinedSoil, Water, and Air Pollution: The InterfaceDiscussion QuestionsReferences and Recommended ReadingSection II AirChapter 5 AirIntroductionAll About AirCharacteristics and Properties of the Components of AirAtmospheric NitrogenPhysical Properties of NitrogenUses for NitrogenNitrogen OxidesAtmospheric OxygenPhysical Properties of OxygenUses for OxygenOzone: Just Another Form of OxygenAtmospheric Carbon DioxidePhysical Properties of Carbon DioxideUses for Carbon DioxideAtmospheric ArgonPhysical Properties of ArgonUses for ArgonAtmospheric NeonPhysical Properties of NeonUses for NeonAtmospheric KryptonPhysical Properties of KryptonUses for KryptonAtmospheric HeliumPhysical Properties for HeliumAtmospheric XenonPhysical Properties of XenonUses for XenonAtmospheric HydrogenPhysical Properties of HydrogenUses for HydrogenAtmospheric WaterAtmospheric Particulate MatterAir for CombustionAir for PowerStratification of the AtmospherePhysical Properties and Dynamics of AirForce, Weight, and MassPressureWork and EnergyDiffusion and DispersionCompressibilityGas LawsBoyle’s LawCharles’s LawIdeal Gas LawFlow RateGas ConversionsMajor ConstituentsBoth Major and Minor ConstituentsMinor ConstituentsGas VelocityGas Stream Treatment (Residence) TimeGas DensityHeat Capacity and EnthalpyHeat and Energy in the AtmosphereAdiabatic Lapse RateViscosityFlow CharacteristicsParticle PhysicsCharacteristics of ParticlesSurface Area and VolumeAerodynamic DiameterParticle Size CategoriesRegulated Particulate Matter CategoriesSize DistributionParticle FormationPhysical AttritionCombustion Particle BurnoutHomogeneous and Heterogeneous NucleationDroplet EvaporationCollection MechanismsInertial Impaction and InterceptionBrownian DiffusionGravitational SettlingElectrostatic AttractionThermophoresisDiffusiophoresisAtmospheric Dispersion, Transformation, and DepositionWeatherTurbulenceMixingTopographyTemperature InversionsPlume RiseTransportDispersion ModelsThe Bottom LineDiscussion QuestionsReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 6 Air PollutionYurk and SmilodonIntroductionTypes and Sources of Air PollutantsCriteria Air PollutantsSulfur DioxideNitrogen OxidesCarbon MonoxideParticulate MatterLead ParticulatesOzone (O3)Deposition of Pollutants in the AtmosphereProblems of Atmospheric PollutionAcid DepositionSmog FormationStratosphere Ozone DepletionClimate ChangeThe PastA Time of IceBack to the Ice AgesWarm WinterGlobal WarmingChlorofluorocarbonsGlobal DimmingHazeRoadway Air PollutionThe Bottom LineDiscussion QuestionsReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 7 Air Pollution Monitoring, Sampling, and RemediationAir Monitoring and SamplingAir Sample VolumeLimit of DetectionLimit of QuantificationPrecision, Accuracy, and BiasCalibration RequirementsTypes of Air SamplingAnalytical Methods for Sampling Gases and VaporsAir Monitoring vs. Air SamplingAir Sampling PrinciplesSampling for Airborne ParticulatesDustsDuration of ExposureParticle SizeStokes’s LawAirborne Dust ConcentrationParticulate CollectionAnalysis of ParticulatesHealth and Environmental Impacts of ParticulatesControl of ParticulatesAir Sampling for Gases and VaporsGas LawsTypes of Air SamplesMethods of SamplingAir Sampling Collection ProcessesCalibration of Air Sampling EquipmentDirect-Reading Instruments for Air SamplingDirect-Reading Physical InstrumentsDirect-Reading Colorimetric DevicesCalibration of Direct-Reading InstrumentsAir Sampling CalculationsGram Molecular VolumesSample Conversions and Calculations Using Boyle’s LawSampling Conversions and Calculations Using Charles’s LawSample Conversions and Calculations UsingBoyle’sLaw and Charles’s Law CombinedPractical Application of Gas LawsAir Pollution RemediationPollution PreventionReducing Air EmissionsClearing the AirAir Pollution Control: ChoicesAir Pollution Control Equipment and SystemsRemoval of Dry Particulate MatterParticulate MatterAir Pollution Control Equipment for ParticulatesGravity SettlersCyclone CollectorsElectrostatic PrecipitatorsWet (Venturi) ScrubbersBaghouse (Fabric) FiltersRemoval of Gaseous Pollutants: Stationary SourcesAbsorptionAdsorptionCondensationCombustionDirect-Flame Combustion (Flaring)Thermal Combustion (Afterburners)Catalytic CombustionRemoval of Gaseous Pollutants: Mobile SourcesControl of Crankcase EmissionsControl of Evaporative EmissionsCatalytic ConvertersThe Bottom LineDiscussion QuestionsReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 8 Indoor Air Quality and Mold ControlIntroductionWhat Is Indoor Air Quality?Why Is Indoor Air Quality Important to Workplace Owners?Worker Symptoms Associated with Poor Air QualityWorkplace Building-Associated IllnessesSick Building SyndromeBuilding-Related IllnessMultiple Chemical SensitivityBuilding Factors Affecting Indoor Air QualityFactors Affecting Indoor ClimateFactors Affecting Indoor Air PollutionTypes of PollutantsSources of Indoor Air PollutantsIndoor Contaminant TransportCommon Airflow PathwaysVentilationMajor Indoor Air Quality ContaminantsAsbestos ExposurePermissible Exposure LimitsExposure MonitoringCompetent PersonRegulated AreasMethods of ComplianceRespiratorsLabelsProtective ClothingTrainingRecordkeepingHygience Facilities and PracticesMedical ExamsSilica ExposureSilica Exposure During Hydraulic FracturingGuidelines for Control of Occupational Exposure to SilicaFormaldehyde ExposureLead ExposureHealth Effects of LeadLead Standard DefinitionsWorker Lead Protection ProgramMold ControlMold PreventionMold RemediationMold Cleanup MethodsChecklist for Mold RemediationIndoor Air Quality EquationsPercentage of Outside Air in the Air SupplyOutdoor Air Volume Flow RateAir Changes per Hour, Outdoor AirDiscussion QuestionsReferences and Recommended ReadingSection III WaterChapter 9 WaterWater: Earth’s BloodWater: Facts and ProseWater: The BasicsHow Special, Strange, and Different Is Water?Characteristics of WaterInflammable Air + Vital Air = WaterJust Two H’s and One OSomewhere between 0° and 105°Physical Properties of WaterCapillary ActionWater CycleSpecific Water MovementsQ and Q FactorsSources of WaterWatershedsMultiple-Barrier Concept of ProtectionWatershed ManagementWater Quality ImpactsWatershed Protection and RegulationsWatershed Protection PlansReservoir Management PracticesPotable WaterWhat Is Potable Water?Key DefinitionsSurface Water and Groundwater SourcesLocation! Location! Location!How Readily Available Is Potable Water?Surface Water as a Source of Potable WaterAdvantages and Disadvantages of Surface WaterSurface Water HydrologyRaw Water StorageSurface Water QualityGroundwaterAquifersAquifer SystemsZoneConfining UnitTypes of AquifersGroundwater QualityGroundwater Under the Direct Influence of Surface WaterPerpetual MotionWell SystemsWater UseThe Bottom LineDiscussion QuestionsReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 10 Water PollutionIntroductionSurface WaterLentic (Standing or Still) Water SystemsStill WaterLotic (Flowing) Water SystemsStream GenesisSetting the StageSurface Water PollutantsBiochemical Oxygen DemandNutrientsNitrogenPhosphoruspHSolidsFats, Oil, and GreasePathogenic OrganismsGiardiaCryptosporidiumCyclosporaToxic PollutantsNontoxic PollutantsMacroscopic PollutantsPharmaceuticals and Personal Care ProductsEmerging ContaminantsDDTA Brief History of the Development and Use of ChemicalsEndocrine DisruptorsGroundwater PollutionSources of Groundwater ContaminationAquifersGroundwater FlowWetlandsThe Bottom LineDiscussion QuestionsReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 11 Water Pollution RemediationHistorical PerspectiveEffect of Regulations on Preventing Water PollutionA Sherlock Holmes at the PumpDr. John SnowCholeraFlashback to 1854 LondonFrom Pump Handle Removal to Water Treatment (Disinfection)Water TreatmentWastewater TreatmentThermal Pollution TreatmentPollution Control Technology: Underground Storage TanksPollution Control Technology: Groundwater RemediationThe Bottom LineDiscussion QuestionsReferences and Recommended ReadingSection IV SoilChapter 12 Soil BasicsIntroductionSoil: What Is It?Key Terms DefinedAll About SoilFunctions of SoilSoil as a Plant Growth MediumSoil as a Regulator of Water SuppliesSoil as a Recycler of Raw MaterialsSoil as a Habitat for OrganismsSoil as an Engineering MediumSoil as a Source of MaterialsConcurrent Soil FunctionsSoil PropertiesPhysical Properties of SoilSoil SeparatesSoil FormationWeatheringPhysical WeatheringChemical WeatheringBare Rock SuccessionFinal Stages of Soil FormationSoil CharacterizationDiagnostic Horizons and Temperature and Moisture RegimesSoil TaxonomySoil OrdersSoil SubordersSoil Great Groups and SubgroupsSoil Families and SeriesSoil Mechanics and PhysicsSoil MechanicsWeight–Volume Relationships and Void RatioSoil Particle CharacteristicsSoil StressSoil CompressibilitySoil CompactionSoil FailureSoil PhysicsSoil and WaterSoil ChemistrySolid WasteSolid Waste Regulatory History in the United StatesSolid Waste CharacteristicsSources of Municipal Solid WasteResidential Sources of MSWCommercial Sources of MSWInstitutional Sources of MSWConstruction and Demolition Sources of MSWMunicipal Services Sources of MSWTreatment Plant Site Sources of MSWThe Bottom LineDiscussion QuestionsReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 13 Soil PollutionClean SoilSoil Pollutants: Transport Mechanisms Affecting Flow RegimeMovement of Organics in SoilThe Basics of Soil PollutionSurface Origins of Soil PollutantsGaseous and Airborne Particulate PollutantsInfiltration of Contaminated Surface WaterLand Disposal of Solid and Liquid Waste MaterialsStockpiles, Tailings, and SpoilDumpsSalt Spreading on RoadsAnimal Feedlots and Concentrated Animal Feeding OperationsFertilizers and PesticidesAccidental SpillsComposting of Leaves and Other WastesIndustrial Practices and Soil ContaminationUnderground Storage TanksContamination from Oilfield SitesContamination from Chemical SitesContamination from Geothermal SitesContamination from Manufactured Gas PlantsContamination from Mining SitesContamination from Environmental Terrorism and EcoterrorismWhat Is Terrorism?Terrorism by Any Other Name IsStandard Dictionary Definition of TerrorismAn Old Cliché on a TerroristHazardous SubstancesAmerica: A Throwaway SocietyWhat Is a Hazardous Substance?Hazardous WastesWhat Is a Hazardous Waste?Hazardous Waste LegislationResource Conservation and Recovery ActCERCLAThe Bottom LineDiscussion QuestionsReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 14 Soil Pollution RemediationIntroductionUSTs: The ProblemCorrosion ProblemsFaulty ConstructionFaulty InstallationPiping FailuresSpills and OverfillsCompatibility of Contents and Underground Storage TankUST Risk AssessmentUST Exposure PathwaysRemediation of UST-Contaminated SoilsIn Situ TechnologiesIn Situ VolatilizationIn Situ BiodegradationIn Situ Leaching and Chemical ReactionIn Situ VitrificationIn Situ Passive RemediationIn Situ Isolation or ContainmentNon-In Situ TechnologiesLand TreatmentThermal TreatmentAsphalt Incorporation and Other MethodsSolidification or StabilizationChemical ExtractionExcavationEconomic Outlook for Soil RemediationAnimal Feeding Operations and Animal Waste TreatmentManure TreatmentWaste Control TechnologyWaste MinimizationSubstitution of InputsProcess ModificationsGood Operating PracticesRecyclingTreatment TechnologiesBiological TreatmentThermal ProcessesActivated Carbon SorptionElectrolytic Recovery TechniquesAir StrippingStabilization and SolidificationFiltration and SeparationUltimate DisposalDeep-Well InjectionSurface ImpoundmentsWaste PilesLandfillingGreen RemediationCore Elements of Green RemediationEnergy Requirements of the Treatment SystemAir EmissionsWater Requirements and Impacts on Water ResourcesLand and Ecosystem ImpactsMaterial Consumption and Waste GenerationLong-Term Stewardship ActionsGreen Remediation TechniquesThe Bottom LineDiscussion QuestionsReferences and Recommended ReadingChapter 15 Pollution and the 21st CenturyGlossaryIndex

"...a well written textbook for upper level undergraduate students or graduate students who are in a field of study related to environmental science." —Huan Feng, Montclair State University, New Jersey, USA