This book illuminates what judicial modernity actually meant to the Chinese state and society in the early twentieth century and how the judicial reform resulted in paradoxical consequences due to a lack of resources and a disjunction between the national reform agenda and local social ecology.

CONTENTS Preface000 Abbreviations000 Introduction Part I:Envisioning Reform from the Center 1 Western Models and Chinese Practices: the New Policy Decade 2 Judicial Modernity as Performance of Formality: the Beiyang Period 3 Justice under Party-State: the Nanjing Decade Part II: Provincial Setting and Financial Constraint 4 Provincial Institutions and Judicial Reform in Jiangsu 5 Judicial Finance: Nation, Province, and County Part III: County Judicial Process 6 Social Ecology of County Judiciary 7 Power and Justice in Local Society 8 Prison Reform and County Jails Part IV: Between Formalization and Informal Practices 9 "Quick Justice": Punishing Robbers and Bandits 10 Praxis of Petition and Economy of False Accusation Conclusion Notes References Glossary Index

"This is an important book, not only for what it says about legal reform but also for what it says about the practice of modernity."—R. Kent Guy, China Review International "Trial of Modernity is a book that is extensively backed up and illustrated by numerous case studies based on the reading of a large corpus of archival material. It offers a deep insight into the functioning of the judicial system at the grassroots level during the time under examination and shows very clearly the motivations of the different actors involved at all levels of the judiciary and bureaucracy. It can be highly recommended to any reader who wishes to have a detailed and colorful picture of the functioning of the judiciary."—Jana Cyrol, Frontiers of History in China "With Trial of Modernity, Xu offers the finest book available on the first stage of Chinese legal modernization . . . The book's skillful organization combines chronological, thematic and geographical approaches to give complementary views on the 'legal reform' movement."—Jerome Bourgon,China Quarterly "Xiaoqun Xu is a seasoned scholar who has sifted through local archives, provincial archives and published documents to create a compelling, robust study of judicial reform in early twentieth-century China. His extensive research is well-presented in this excellent piece of scholarship, which will make an important contribution to the field of Chinese law and legal practice."—William T. Rowe, Johns Hopkins University "Xu has produced an outstanding study of the perils, pitfalls, and unintended consequences of a centrally mandated reform of a centuries-old legal tradition. Our knowledge of Republican era state making in twentieth-century China is certainly the richer for this work. Present-day political leaders in China who are rapidly moving the country toward the implementation of a full-blown Western style judiciary would do well to ponder the issues raised in these pages as well."—Bradly W. Reed, University of Virginia