Chapter 1 Introduction to the Internet and World Wide Web 1 1.1 The Internet and the Web 1 The Internet 2 Birth of the Internet 2 Growth of the Internet 2 Birth of the Web 2 The First Graphical Browser 2 Convergence of Technologies 3 Who Runs the Internet? 3 Intranets and Extranets 4 1.2 Web Standards and Accessibility 4 W3C Recommendations 4 Web Standards and Accessibility 5 Accessibility and the Law 5 Universal Design for the Web 5 1.3 Information on the Web 6 Reliability and Information on the Web 6 Ethical Use of Information on the Web 7 1.4 Network Overview 8 1.5 The Client/Server Model 9 1.6 Internet Protocols 10 File Transfer Protocol (FTP) 10 E-mail Protocols 11 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 11 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) 11 1.7 Uniform Resource Identifiers and Domain Names 13 URIs and URLs 13 Domain Names 13 1.8 Markup Languages 15 Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) 15 Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) 16 Extensible Markup Language (XML) 16 Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML) 16 HTML5-the Newest Version of HTML 16 1.9 Popular Uses of the Web 17 E-Commerce 17 Mobile Access 17 Blogs 17 Wikis 18 Social Networking 18 Cloud Computing 18 RSS 18 Podcasts 19 Web 2.0 19 Chapter Summary 20 Key Terms 20 Review Questions 20 Hands-On Exercise 21 Web Research 22 Focus on Web Design 23 Chapter 2 HTML Basics 25 2.1 HTML Overview 26 HTML 26 XML 26 XHTML 26 HTML5 27 2.2 Document Type Definition 27 2.3 Web Page Template 28 2.4 HTML Element 28 2.5 Head, Title, Meta, and Body Elements 28 The Head Section 28 The Body Section 29 2.6 Your First Web Page 29 2.7 Heading Element 33 Accessibility and Headings 35 2.8 Paragraph Element 35 Alignment 36 2.9 Line Break Element 37 2.10 Blockquote Element 38 2.11 Phrase Elements 39 2.12 Ordered List 40 The Type, Start, and Reversed Attributes 41 2.13 Unordered List 42 2.14 Description List 44 2.15 Special Characters 46 2.16 Structural Elements 47 The Div Element 47 HTML5 Structural Elements 48 The Header Element 48 The Nav Element 48 The Main Element 48 The Footer Element 48 2.17 Anchor Element 50 Absolute Hyperlinks 51 Relative Hyperlinks 52 Site Map 52 E-Mail Hyperlinks 55 Accessibility and Hyperlinks 57 Block Anchor 57 2.18 HTML Validation 58 Chapter Summary 61 Key Terms 61 Review Questions 62 Apply Your Knowledge 63 Hands-On Exercises 64 Web Research 65 Focus on Web Design 65 Website Case Study 65 Chapter 3 Configuring Color and Text with CSS 81 3.1 Overview of Cascading Style Sheets 82 Advantages of Cascading Style Sheets 82 Configuring Cascading Style Sheets 83 CSS Selectors and Declarations 83 The background-color Property 83 The color Property 84 Configure Background and Text Color 84 3.2 Using Color on Web Pages 85 Hexadecimal Color Values 86 Web-Safe Colors 86 CSS Color Syntax 86 3.3 Inline CSS with the Style Attribute 87 The Style Attribute 87 3.4 Embedded CSS with the Style Element 89 Style Element 89 3.5 Configuring Text with CSS 92 The Property 92 More CSS Font Properties 94 CSS3 text-shadow Property 96 3.6 CSS Class, id, and Descendant Selectors 99 The Class Selector 99 The id Selector 100 The Descendant Selector 102 3.7 Span Element 102 3.8 Using External Style Sheets 104 Link Element 104 3.9 Center HTML Elements with CSS 109 3.10 The "Cascade" 110 3.11 CSS Validation 113 Chapter Summary 116 Key Terms 116 Review Questions 116 Apply Your Knowledge 117 Hands-On Exercises 119 Web Research 121 Focus on Web Design 121 Website Case Study 122 Chapter 4 Visual Elements and Graphics 133 4.1 Configuring Lines and Borders 134 The Horizontal Rule Element 134 The border and padding Properties 134 4.2 Types of Graphics 140 Graphic Interchange Format (GIF) Images 140 Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) Images 141 Portable Network Graphic (PNG) Images 142 New WebP Image Format 142 4.3 Image Element 143 Accessibility and Images 144 Image Hyperlinks 144 Optimize an Image for the Web 147 4.4 HTML5 Visual Elements 148 HTML5 Figure Element 148 HTML5 Figcaption Element 149 HTML5 Meter Element 150 HTML5 Progress Element 151 4.5 Background Images 151 The background-image Property 151 Browser Display of a Background Image 152 The background-repeat Property 153 The background-position Property 153 The background-attachment Property 155 4.6 More About Images 156 Image Maps 156 The Favorites Icon 158 Configuring a Favorites Icon 158 Image Slicing 159 CSS Sprites 159 4.7 Sources and Guidelines for Graphics 160 Sources of Graphics 160 Guidelines for Using Images 161 Accessibility and Visual Elements 162 4.8 CSS3 Visual Effects 162 The CSS3 background-clip Property 163 The CSS3 background-origin Property 163 The CSS3 background-size Property 164 CSS3 Multiple Background Images 165 CSS3 Rounded Corners 167 The CSS3 box-shadow Property 169 The CSS3 opacity Property 171 CSS3 RGBA Color 173 CSS3 HSLA Color 175 Hue, Saturation, Lightness, and Alpha 176 HSLA Color Examples 176 CSS3 Gradients 178 W3C Linear Gradient Syntax 178 CSS3 Gradients and Progressive Enhancement 178 Configuring CSS3 Gradients 178 Chapter Summary 180 Key Terms 180 Review Questions 180 Apply Your Knowledge 181 Hands-On Exercises 183 Web Research 184 Focus on Web Design 184 Website Case Study 185 Chapter 5 Web Design 199 5.1 Design for Your Target Audience 200 5.2 Website Organization 201 Hierarchical Organization 201 Linear Organization 202 Random Organization 202 5.3 Principles of Visual Design 203 Repetition: Repeat Visual Components Throughout the Design 203 Contrast: Add Visual Excitement and Draw Attention 203 Proximity: Group Related Items 204 Alignment: Align Elements to Create Visual Unity 204 5.4 Design to Provide Accessibility 204 Who Benefits from Universal Design and Increased Accessibility? 205 Accessible Design Can Benefit Search Engine Listing 205 Accessibility is the Right Thing to Do 205 5.5 Writing for the Web 206 Organize Your Content 206 Choosing a Font 207 Font Size 207 Chapter Summary 231 Key Terms 231 Review Questions 231 Hands-On Exercises 232 Web Research 234 Focus on Web Design 235 Website Case Study 236 Chapter 6 Page Layout 239 6.1 The Box Model 240 Content 240 Padding 240 Border 240 Margin 240 The Box Model in Action 242 6.2 Normal Flow 242 6.3 CSS Float 244 6.4 CSS: Clearing a Float 246 The clear Property 246 The overflow Property 247 6.5 CSS Two-Column Page Layout 249 Two Columns with Left Navigation 249 Two Columns with Top Header and Left Navigation 250 6.6 Hyperlinks in an Unordered List 251 Configure List Markers with CSS 251 Vertical Navigation with an Unordered List 253 Horizontal Navigation with an Unordered List 254 6.7 CSS Interactivity with Pseudo- Classes 254 6.8 Practice with CSS Two-Column Layout 257 6.9 Header Text Image Replacement 260 Improved Header Text Image Replacement Technique 260 6.10 Practice with an Image Gallery 262 6.11 Positioning with CSS 264 Static Positioning 264 Fixed Positioning 265 Relative Positioning 265 Absolute Positioning 266 6.12 CSS Debugging Techniques 268 6.13 More HTML5 Structural Elements 270 The Section Element 270 Font Weight 207 Font Color Contrast 207 Line Length 208 Alignment 208 Text in Hyperlinks 208 Reading Level 208 Spelling and Grammar 208 5.6 Use of Color 208 Color Scheme Based on an Image 208 Color Wheel 209 Color Scheme Based on the Color Wheel 209 Implementing a Color Scheme 210 Accessibility and Color 211 Colors and Your Target Audience 211 5.7 Use of Graphics and Multimedia 214 File Size and Image Dimensions Matter 214 Antialiased/Aliased Text in Media 214 Use Only Necessary Multimedia 215 Provide Alternate Text 215 5.8 More Design Considerations 215 Load Time 215 Above the Fold 216 White Space 217 Avoid Horizontal Scrolling 217 Browsers 217 Screen Resolution 217 5.9 Navigation Design 218 Ease of Navigation 218 Navigation Bars 218 Breadcrumb Navigation 218 Using Graphics for Navigation 218 Skip Repetitive Navigation 219 Dynamic Navigation 219 Site Map 220 Site Search Feature 220 5.10 Page Layout Design 220 Wireframes and Page Layout 220 Page Layout Design Techniques 222 5.11 Design for the Mobile Web 224 Three Approaches 224 Mobile Device Design Considerations 224 Example Desktop Website and Mobile Website 225 Mobile Design Quick Checklist 225 Responsive Web Design 226 5.12 Web Design Best Practices Checklist 227 The Article Element 270 The Aside Element 270 The Time Element 270 6.14 HTML5 Compatibility with Older Browsers 272 Configure CSS Block Display 273 HTML5 Shim 273 Chapter Summary 275 Key Terms 275 Review Questions 275 Apply Your Knowledge 276 Hands-On Exercises 279 Web Research 279 Focus on Web Design 280 Website Case Study 280 Chapter 7 More on Links, Layout, and Mobile 295 7.1 Another Look at Hyperlinks 296 More on Relative Linking 296 Relative Link Examples 296 Fragment Identifiers 298 Landmark Roles with ARIA 300 The Target Attribute 300 Block Anchor 301 Telephone and Text Message Hyperlinks 301 7.2 CSS Sprites 301 7.3 Three-Column CSS Page Layout 304 7.4 CSS Styling for Print 310 Print Styling Best Practices 311 7.5 Designing for the Mobile Web 315 Mobile Web Design Best Practices 316 7.6 Viewport Meta Tag 318 7.7 CSS3 Media Queries 319 What's a Media Query? 319 Media Query Example Using a Link Element 320 Media Query Example Using an @media Rule 320 7.8 Flexible Images 324 7.9 Testing Mobile Display 326 Testing with a Desktop Browser 327 For Serious Developers Only 328 Media Queries & Internet Explorer 328 Mobile First 328 7.10 CSS3 Flexible Box Layout 328 Configure a Flexible Container 329 Configure the Flex Items 329 Chapter Summary 335 Key Terms 335 Review Questions 335 Apply Your Knowledge 336 Hands-On Exercises 339 Web Research 340 Focus on Web Design 340 Website Case Study 341 Chapter 8 Tables 355 8.1 Table Overview 356 Table Element 356 The border Attribute 357 Table Captions 357 8.2 Table Rows, Cells, and Headers 358 Table Row Element 358 Table Data Element 358 Table Header Element 358 8.3 Span Rows and Columns 360 The colspan Attribute 360 The rowspan Attribute 360 8.4 Configure an Accessible Table 362 8.5 Style a Table with CSS 364 8.6 CSS3 Structural Pseudo-Classes 366 8.7 Configure Table Sections 368 Chapter Summary 371 Key Terms 371 Review Questions 371 Apply Your Knowledge 372 Hands-On Exercises 374 Web Research 375 Focus on Web Design 375 Web Site Case Study 375 Chapter 9 Forms 383 9.1 Overview of Forms 384 Form Element 385 Form Controls 386 9.2 Input Element Form Controls 386 Text Box 386 Submit Button 387 Reset Button 387 Check Box 389 Radio Button 390 Hidden Input Control 391 Password Box 392 9.3 Scrolling Text Box 392 Textarea Element 392 9.4 Select List 395 Select Element 395 Option Element 396 9.5 Image Buttons and the Button Element 397 Image Button 397 Button Element 397 9.6 Accessibility and Forms 398 Label Element 398 Fieldset and Legend Elements 400 The tabindex Attribute 402 The accesskey Attribute 402 9.7 Style a Form with CSS 403 9.8 Server-Side Processing 404 Privacy and Forms 407 Server-Side Processing Resources 407 9.9 HTML5 Form Controls 408 E-mail Address Input 408 URL Input 409 Telephone Number Input 409 Search Field Input 410 Datalist Form Control 410 Slider Form Control 411 Spinner Form Control 412 Calendar Form Control 413 Color-well Form Control 414 HTML5 and Progressive Enhancement 417 Chapter Summary 418 Key Terms 418 Review Questions 418 Apply Your Knowledge 419 Hands-On Exercises 421 Web Research 422 Focus on Web Design 423 Website Case Study 424 Chapter 10 Web Development 435 10.1 Successful Large-Scale Project Development 436 Project Job Roles 436 Project Staffing Criteria 437 10.2 The Development Process 437 Conceptualization 439 Analysis 440 Design 440 Production 442 Testing 442 Launch 445 Maintenance 446 Evaluation 446 10.3 Domain Name Overview 446 Choosing a Domain Name 446 Registering a Domain Name 447 10.4 Web Hosting 448 Web Hosting Providers 448 10.5 Choosing a Virtual Host 449 Chapter Summary 452 Key Terms 452 Review Questions 452 Hands-On Exercises 453 Web Research 455 Focus on Web Design 455 Website Case Study 456 Chapter 11 Web Multimedia and Interactivity 457 11.1 Plug-Ins, Containers, and Codecs 458 11.2 Getting Started with Audio and Video 460 Provide a Hyperlink 460 Working with Multimedia on the Web 461 11.3 Adobe Flash 463 HTML5 Embed Element 463 Flash Resources 465 11.4 HTML5 Audio and Video Elements 466 Audio Element 466 Source Element 467 HTML5 Audio on a Web Page 467 Video Element 469 Source Element 469 HTML5 Video on a Web Page 470 11.5 Multimedia Files and Copyright Law 471 11.6 CSS3 and Interactivity 472 CSS Image Gallery 472 CSS3 Transform Property 474 CSS3 Rotate Transform 475 CSS Transition Property 476 Practice with Transitions 478 11.7 Java 480 Adding a Java Applet to a Web Page 481 Java Applet Resources 482 11.8 JavaScript 483 JavaScript Resources 485 11.9 Ajax 485 Ajax Resources 486 11.10 jQuery 486 jQuery Resources 487 11.11 HTML5 APIs 487 Geolocation 487 Web Storage 487 Offline Web Applications 488 Drawing with the Canvas Element 488 11.12 Accessibility and Multimedia/ Interactivity 490 Chapter Summary 492 Key Terms 492 Review Questions 492 Apply Your Knowledge 493 Hands-On Exercises 495 Web Research 495 Focus on Web Design 496 Website Case Study 496 Chapter 12 E-Commerce Overview 503 12.1 What Is E-Commerce? 504 Advantages of E-Commerce 504 Risks of E-Commerce 505 12.2 E-Commerce Business Models 506 12.3 Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) 506 12.4 E-Commerce Statistics 506 12.5 E-Commerce Issues 507 12.6 E-Commerce Security 509 Encryption 509 Integrity 510 Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) 510 Digital Certificate 511 SSL and Digital Certificates 512 12.7 Order and Payment Processing 512 Cash Model 513 Credit Model 513 Smart Card Model 513 Mobile Payment Model 513 12.8 E-Commerce Storefront Solutions 514 Instant Online Storefront 514 Off-the-Shelf Shopping Cart Software 514 Custom-Built Solutions 515 Semi-Custom-Built Solutions on a Budget 515 Chapter Summary 516 Key Terms 516 Review Questions 516 Hands-On Exercises 517 Web Research 518 Focus on Web Design 519 Website Case Study 519 Chapter 13 Web Promotion 533 13.1 Search Engine Overview 534 13.2 Popular Search Engines 534 13.3 Components of a Search Engine 534 Robot 535 Database 535 Search Form 535 13.4 Search Engine Optimization 536 Keywords 536 Page Titles 536 Heading Tags 536 Description 536 Description Meta Tag 536 Linking 537 Images and Multimedia 537 Valid Code 537 Content of Value 537 13.5 Listing in a Search Engine 538 Map Your Site 539 Alliances 540 13.6 Monitoring Search Listings 540 13.7 Link Popularity 542 13.8 Social Media Optimization 542 Blogs and RSS Feeds 543 Social Networking 543 13.9 Other Site Promotion Activities 543 Quick Response (QR) Codes 543 Affiliate Programs 544 Banner Ads 544 Banner Exchange 545 Reciprocal Link Agreements 545 Newsletters 545 Sticky Site Features 545 Personal Recommendations 545 Newsgroup and Listserv Postings 546 Traditional Media Ads and Existing Marketing Materials 546 13.10 Serving Dynamic Content with Inline Frames 546 The iframe Element 547 YouTube Video in an Inline Frame 548 Chapter Summary 550 Key Terms 550 Review Questions 550 Hands-On Exercises 551 Web Research 552 Focus on Web Design 552 Website Case Study 553 Chapter 14 A Brief Look at JavaScript and jQuery 557 14.1 Overview of JavaScript 558 14.2 The Development of JavaScript 558 14.3 Popular Uses for JavaScript 559 Alert Message 559 Popup Windows 559 Jump Menus 560 Mouse Movement Techniques 560 14.4 Adding JavaScript to a Web Page 561 Script Element 561 Legacy JavaScript Statement Block Template 561 Alert Message Box 562 14.5 Document Object Model Overview 564 14.6 Events and Event Handlers 567 14.7 Variables 570 Writing a Variable to a Web Page 570 Collecting Variable Values Using a Prompt 572 14.8 Introduction to Programming Concepts 574 Arithmetic Operators 574 Decision Making 574 Functions 577 14.9 Form Handling 580 14.10 Accessibility and JavaScript 586 14.11 JavaScript Resources 587 14.12 Overview of jQuery 587 14.13 Adding jQuery to a Web Page 587 Download jQuery 587 Access jQuery via a Content Delivery Network 588 The Ready Event 588 14.14 jQuery Selectors 590 14.15 jQuery Methods 590 14.16 jQuery Image Gallery 593 14.17 jQuery Plugins 597 14.18 jQuery Resources 601 Chapter Summary 602 Key Terms 602 Review Questions 602 Apply Your Knowledge 603 Hands-On Exercises 605 Web Research 606 WebSite Case Study 606 Appendix A: HTML5 Quick Reference 619 Appendix B: XHTML Quick Reference 623 Appendix C: Special Entity Characters 627 Appendix D: Comparison of XHTML and HTML5 629 Appendix E: CSS Property Reference 637 Appendix F: WCAG 2.0 Quick Reference 643 Appendix G: FTP Tutorial 645 Appendix H: Web-Safe Color Palette 649 Answers 651 Index 000 Credits 000