CHAPTER 1. PREHISTORY ; 1.1 Architecture as a Second Nature: Sacred Caves and Primitive Huts ; 1.2 Vernacular Architecture: A Language of Mud, Logs, Hides, and Stones ; 1.3 Megaliths and Stone Circles: Building as Memory ; CHAPTER 2. 3000-1500 BCE ; 2.1 Cities of Mesopotamia: Mud, Gods, and Urbanism ; 2.2 Old Kingdom Egypt: Architecture for the Afterlife ; 2.3 The Indus Valley: Cities without Monuments ; CHAPTER 3. 1500-700 BCE ; 3.1 The Aegean in the Bronze Age: Labyrinths and Cyclopean Walls ; 3.2 New Kingdom Egypt: Axial Temples and Colossal Statues ; 3.3 Biblical Jerusalem: Architecture and Memory ; CHAPTER 4. 700-200 BCE ; 4.1 Southwest Asia and Achaemenid Persia: A Cycle of Empires ; 4.2 The Greek City-State: Classical Architecture at the Acropolis and the Agora ; 4.3 Mauryan India: Emblems of Peace in Stone ; CHAPTER 5. 200 BCE-300 CE ; 5.1 Ancient Rome: Governing through Architecture ; 5.2 Ancient China: The Pivot of the Cosmos in Mud and Wood ; 5.3 Ancient Mexico: Pyramids and Sacrifice ; CHAPTER 6. 300-600 ; 6.1 Early Christian Italy: The Inward Orientation of the Church ; 6.2 Byzantium: The Dome as an Act of Faith ; 6.3 Gupta India: Rock-Cut Architecture and the Art of Subtraction ; CHAPTER 7. 600-800 ; 7.1 The Spread of Islam: Hypostyle Mosques and Soaring Minarets ; 7.2 Tang China and East Asia: Gridded Capitals and Lofty Pagodas ; 7.3 The Maya of Central America: Reproducing the Mountain of Creation ; CHAPTER 8. 800-1200 ; 8.1 Southeast Asia and Southern India: Lived-in Models of Cosmic Order ; 8.2 Islamic Spain and Morocco: Interlacing Forms in al-Andalus and the Maghreb ; 8.3 Western Europe after the Roman Empire: Monks, Knights, and Pilgrims ; CHAPTER 9. 1200-1350 ; 9.1 The Mercantile Mediterranean: New Facades for Old Cities ; 9.2 Gothic Europe: The Fabric of the Great Cathedrals ; 9.3 Sub-Saharan Africa: Living Architecture ; CHAPTER 10. 1350-1500 ; 10.1 Humanist Italy: Public Spaces and Private Palaces of the Renaissance ; 10.2 Eastern Europe: From the Spirit of Wood to the Conventions of Masonry ; 10.3 Pre-Contact America: Empires of the Sun ; CHAPTER 11. 1500-1600 ; 11.1 China after 1000: The Mandate of Heaven Made to Last ; 11.2 The Ottoman Empire: A Culture of Local Symmetries ; 11.3 Papal Rome: The Fountainhead of Renaissance Classicism ; CHAPTER 12. 1600-1700 ; 12.1 Islamic Realms in Central Asia: The Dome of Power, the Garden of Paradise ; 12.2 Catholic Europe: The Settings of Absolutism ; 12.3 Edo Japan: Isolation from the World, Integration with Nature ; CHAPTER 13. 1700-1750 ; 13.1 Protestant Europe: An Architecture of Essentials ; 13.2 The Diffusion of the Baroque: Life as Theater ; 13.3 The American Colonies: Domination and Liberty on the Grid ; CHAPTER 14. 1750-1800 ; 14.1 The Picturesque: Landscapes of the Informal, the Exotic, and the Sublime ; 14.2 Enlightenment Europe: Theory, Revolution, and Architecture ; 14.3 Industry and Punishment: Factories and Warehouses, Prisons and Workhouses ; CHAPTER 15. 1800-1850 ; 15.1 After the Revolution: The Ideological Uses of Neoclassicism ; 15.2 The Gothic Revival: Antimodern and Proto-Nationalist ; 15.3 The New Iron Age: The Spread of Metal and Glass Technologies ; CHAPTER 16. 1850-1890 ; 16.1 The Rise of the Metropolis: Urbanism and the New Scale of Architecture ; 16.2 Lifestyles and House Form: Apartments, Row Houses, Bungalows, and Utopias ; 16.3 The Beaux-Arts: Eclecticism and Professionalism ; CHAPTER 17. 1890-1920 ; 17.1 Arts and Crafts: Design and the Dignity of Labor ; 17.2 The Twilight of Western Imperialism: Monuments to the White Man's Burden ; 17.3 Art Nouveau and the Search for Modern Form: Architecture without Precedents ; CHAPTER 18. 1920-1940 ; 18.1 American Skyscrapers and Automobiles: Mass Production Meets Individualism ; 18.2 European Modernisms: A Dialogue between Form and Function ; 18.3 Totalitarian Settings in Modern Europe: Architecture as Propaganda ; CHAPTER 19. 1940-1970 ; 19.1 The International Style and the Advent of the Welfare State ; 19.2 The Birth of the Third World: Experiments in Postcolonial Urbanism ; 19.3 The Expressionist Resurgence: Hybrids amid Mass Culture ; CHAPTER 20. AFTER 1970 ; 20.1 Postmodern Movements: Populism, Radicalism, and Irony ; 20.2 Multinational versus Multicultural Practice ; 20.3 Toward an Ecological Worldview: Architecture in the Age of Global Warming