The art of still life painting is a celebrated part of Dutch culture, but this time-honoured artistic style didn’t develop from thin air. Before still life emerged, there were illustrators who delicately illuminated handwritten manuscripts with images of flora and fauna to add emotional power to a written work.One of the most celebrated practitioners of this style was Joris Hoefnagel (1542–1601). Hoefnagel, a pivotal artistic figure from the Netherlands, is remembered as being the last important Flemish manuscript illuminator and one of the first artists to work on the new genre of still life. In the 1590s the Emperor Rudolf II commissioned Hoefnagel to add his illuminations to the Mira calligraphiae monumenta, a mid-16th-century manuscript on the art of calligraphy by Georg Bocskay. The page reproduced here is known as Damselfly, Carnation, Insect, Caterpillar, Ladybird, English Walnut, and Marine Mollusk. Today, the book can be found in the Getty Museum.