Śambūka and the Rāmāyaṇa Tradition A History of Motifs and Motives in South Asia
Produktdetaljer
Biografisk notat
Aaron Sherraden is a researcher on the epics of South Asia. He received his PhD in Asian Cultures and Languages from the University of Texas at Austin.
<p>“Drawing on classical and modern texts in six Indian languages as well as English and on contemporary ethnographic observation, this book presents an impressive diachronic study of a troubling, often elided, yet never wholly erased storyline within the pan-Indian Ramayana tradition. It persuasively shows not only the persistence and ubiquity of the tale of Śambūka—a low-caste man allegedly slain by King Rama in order to uphold dharma—but also its importance as a gauge of sentiments about a range of sensitive sociocultural issues, and thus offers a timely and important intervention in debates about India’s past and present.”—<strong>Philip</strong> <strong>Lutgendorf</strong>, <strong>Professor of Hindi and Modern Indian Studies, Emeritus, University of Iowa; Author: Hanuman’s Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey; Translator:Tulsidas: The Epic of Ram.</strong></p>
<p>“Caste has become the cornerstone of identity politics in India and Sherraden uses many versions of the story of Shambuka, told with its multiple intents and interpretations to map the larger Ramayana tradition anew. More importantly, he shows how the appropriation and dissemination of this story via Dalit and non-brahmin groups provides a counternarrative to the main (often elite and hegemonic) Ramayana tradition.”<strong>—Arshia Sattar, Author of Maryada: Searching for Dharma in the Ramayana.</strong></p>
According to Vālmīki’s Sanskrit Rāmāyaṇa (early centuries CE), Śambūka was practicing severe acts of austerity to enter heaven. In engaging in these acts as a Śūdra, Śambūka was in violation of class- and caste-based societal norms prescribed exclusively by the ruling and religious elite. Rāma, the hero of the Rāmāyaṇa epic, is dispatched to kill Śambūka, whose transgression is said to be the cause of a young Brahmin’s death. The gods rejoice upon the Śūdra’s death and restore the life of the Brahmin. Subsequent Rāmāyaṇa poets almost instantly recognized this incident as a blemish on Rāma’s character and they began problematizing this earliest version of the story. They adjusted and updated the story to suit the expectations of their audiences. The works surveyed in this study include numerous works originating in Hindu, Jain, Dalit and non-Brahmin communities while spanning the period from Śambūka’s first appearance in the Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa through to the present day. The book follows the Śambūka episode chronologically across its entire history—approximately two millennia—to illuminate the social, religious, legal, and artistic connections that span the entire range of the Rāmāyaṇa’s influence and its place throughout various phases of Indian history and social revolution.
This book details the developmental history of narratives that affirm, condemn, modify, or ignore the controversial execution of Śambūka, a minor Rāmāyaṇa character of low social standing. Changing socio-political sentiments throughout Indian history have forced numerous revisions to the Śambūka story, placing it in an underappreciated position of influence.
List of figures; Acknowledgments; Foreword: Śambūka’s Story across Time and India’s Regions; A Note on Transliteration; Abbreviations; 1. Introduction: Śambūka’s Death Toll; 2. Śambūka’s Earliest Death; 3. First Responders ; 4. The Uttararāmacaritaand Śambūka’s Purpose in Death; 5. The Accident or the Execution; 6. Śambūka Lives on Ramtek Hill; 7. The Anti-Caste Revolutionary; 8.Śambūka in the Twenty-First Century; 9. Conclusion: Śambūka and the Rāmāyaṇa Tradition; Bibliography; Index
Produktdetaljer
Biografisk notat
Aaron Sherraden is a researcher on the epics of South Asia. He received his PhD in Asian Cultures and Languages from the University of Texas at Austin.