This year’s edition brings together research and essays on comparative education trends and directions written by professional and scholarly leaders in the field. Topics covered include theoretical and methodological developments, reports on research-to-practice, area studies and the diversification of comparative and international education.

Introduction. The Osmosis of Comparative and International Education: What, How, and Why CIE Research Appears in Non-CIE Journals; Petrina M. Davidson, Maureen Park, Nino Dzotsenidze, Obioma Okogbue and Alexander W. Wiseman PART 1: COMPARATIVE EDUCATION TRENDS AND DIRECTIONS   Chapter 1. One Indicator to Rule Them All: How SDG 4.1.1 Dominates the Conversation and What It Means for the Most Marginalized; William C. Smith   Chapter 2. Comparative and International Inclusive Education: Trends, Dilemmas, and Future Directions; Matthew J. Schuelka and Kate Lapham  Chapter 3. The 'R-word' Today: An Expanded Understanding of Religion in Secular and Religious Formal and Non-Formal Educational Spaces; Bruce Collet and W. Y. Alice Chan  Chapter 4. Teacher Education and the Ghost of the Nation State: How Comparative and International Education Matters for Teacher Development; Susan Wiksten  Chapter 5. Widening the Lens: Going Global in Mathematics Education Research; Linda Platas and Yasmin Sitabkhan   Chapter 6. Comparative and International Education: A Field Fraught with Contradictions; Maren Elfert and Chrissie Monaghan   Chapter 7. Research and Practice in Comparative and International Higher Education; Meggan Madden and Gerardo L. Blanco   Chapter 8. International Education Assistance in the Kyrgyz Republic: Partnership and the Role of Expertise in International Education Interventions; Alanna Shaikh  Chapter 9. Advancing the Teaching of Comparative and International Education; Matthew A. M. Thomas and Jacqueline Mosselson  PART 2: CONCEPTUAL AND METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS   Chapter 10. What is Comparative Education?; David A. Turner  PART 3: RESEARCH-TO-PRACTICE   Chapter 11. Transformation of the Public School in Latin America: Summary of Findings following Educando by Worldfund Educational Interventions; Cristina Salazar Gallardo and Consuelo Murillo  Chapter 12. ICT4D, Policy Landscapes, and Practice Arenas: A Review of and Reflection on ICT Actors and Applications in African Higher Education; Ane Turner Johnson   PART 4: AREA STUDIES AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENTS  Chapter 13. Is Engineering Harder to Crack than Science? A Cross-national Analysis of Women's Participation in Male Dominated Fields of Study in Higher Education; Naejin Kwak and Francisco O. Ramirez   Chapter 14. The Teacher Supply in Latin America: A Review of Research; Paula Razquin   Chapter 15. Play and/or Learning? Comparative Analysis of Dominant Concepts in National Curriculum Guidelines for Early Childhood Education in Norway, Finland, China and Hong Kong; Aihua Hu and Elin Eriksen Ødegaard  Chapter 16. Education in Sub-Saharan Africa; C. C. Wolhuter   Chapter 17. A Review of the Main Trends in the Reforms of School Structures in Europe; Nikolay Popov   Chapter 18. Internationalization and Academic Mobility: Trends and Prospects in Georgian Higher Education; Lela Iosava  PART 5: DIVERSIFICATION OF THE FIELD   Chapter 19. Mapping Changes in Legislation and Implementation for Special Needs Education in India; Meenakshi Srivastava   Chapter 20. "That Would Never Work Here": Overcoming 'Context Paralysis' on Behalf of Gender and Sexual Minorities Worldwide; Emily S. Meadows