List of Figures viii Acknowledgments x Preface: The Contradictions of Theory xi 1 Common Sense is Not Enough 1 2 The “New Archaeology” 13 3 Archaeology as a Science 38 4 Middle‐range Theory, Ethnoarchaeology and Material Culture Studies 54 5 Culture and Process 72 6 Thoughts and Ideologies 94 7 Postprocessual and Interpretative Archaeologies 108 8 The Material Turn 132 9 Archaeology, Gender, and Identity 156 10 Archaeology and Cultural Evolution 180 11 Archaeology and Darwinian Evolution 202 12 Archaeology and History 226 13 Archaeology, Politics, and Culture 246 14 Conclusion: The Future of Theory 260 Selective Glossary 284 Further Reading 294 Bibliography 317 Index 358

Praise for Previous Edition "This is not just a thought-provoking up-to-date account of archaeological theory; it is also a helpful and engaging introduction for all those interested in the full array of archaeological perspectives in use today." Ian Hodder, Stanford University "With disarming wit and inspiring clarity, Matthew Johnson's Archaeological Theory provides an engaging history of archaeological thinking that illuminates the discipline's past and charts new pathways for its future." Adam T. Smith, Cornell University "This is the key text for understanding archaeological theory. Matthew Johnson explains concepts and terms clearly and succinctly and makes complex theoretical ideas easily accessible. Discerning, comprehensive, superb reading." Claire Smith, Flinders University "In its coverage even better than the first edition, and as refreshingly written. An excellent guide through the changing landscape of archaeological theory. A 'must read'!" Graeme Barker, University of Cambridge Archaeological Theory is a relatable, accessible, reader-friendly first step into the world of theory for archaeology students. Recognizing that many students shy away from the study of theory for fear that the material is too difficult or obscure, Archaeological Theory maintains that any student can develop an understanding of theory and that a knowledge of theory will lead to better practice. As one of the leading texts for introductory courses in archaeology and archaeological theory, it has provided many students with the essential foundation for a complete education in the discipline. With a focus on clarifying the history and development of archaeological theory, this valuable text serves as a roadmap to the different schools of theory in archaeology, clarifying the foundations of these schools of thought, the relationships between them, and the ideas that distinguish each from the other. Students will also learn about the relationship between archaeology and cultural and political developments, the origins of New and 'post-processual' archaeology, and current issues shaping the field. Written in a clear and informal style and incorporating examples, cartoons, and dialogues, this text provides an ideal introduction for students at all levels. The revised third edition has been updated with new and revised chapters and an expanded glossary and bibliography, as well as new readings to guide further study. Engaging and illuminating, Archaeological Theory is an indispensable resource for undergraduate and graduate students in archaeology and related disciplines.