China’s sustained and rapid economic growth since 1978 has meant increasing importance of ecological conservation and environmental protection. This book reviews the history of China’s experience in ecological conservation and environmental protection in China under reform and opening-up, identifies lessons learned, examines obstacles and challenges the country is facing, and offers suggestions for addressing them. Written by some of the most prominent experts in their respective fields, the chapters cover such topics as environmental planning and policies, the rule of law, sustainable development, circular economy, climate change, and ecological civilization. The volume shows that China’s environmental objectives are consistent with the country’s long-term development goals and that a prosperous and beautiful China must be one and the same.