Introduction; Topic 1: Foundations of environmental systems and societies; 1.1 Environmental value systems; 1.2 Systems and models; 1.3 Energy and equilibria; 1.4 Sustainability; 1.5 Humans and pollution; Topic 2: Ecosystems and ecology; 2.1 Species and populations; 2.2 Communities and ecosystems; 2.3 Flows of energy and matter; 2.4 Biomes, zonation and succession; 2.5 Investigating ecosystems; Topic 3: Biodiversity and conservation; 3.1 An introduction to biodiversity; 3.2 Origins of biodiversity; 3.3 Threats to biodiversity; 3.4 Conservation of biodiversity; Topic 4: Water and aquatic food production systems and societies; 4.1 Introduction to water systems; 4.2 Access to fresh water; 4.3 Aquatic food production systems; 4.4 Water pollution; Topic 5: Soil systems and terrestrial food production systems and societies; 5.1 Introduction to soil systems; 5.2 Terrestrial food production systems and food choices; 5.3 Soil degradation and conservation; Topic 6: Atmospheric systems and societies; 6.1 Introduction to the atmosphere; 6.2 Stratospheric ozone; 6.3 Photochemical smog; 6.4 Acid deposition; Topic 7: Climate change and energy production; 7.1 Energy choices and security; 7.2 Climate change—causes and impacts; 7.3 Climate change—mitigation and adaptation; Topic 8: Human systems and resource use; 8.1 Human population dynamics; 8.2 Resource use in society; 8.3 Solid domestic waste; 8.4 Human population carrying capacity; Answers to self-assessment questions; Answers to end-of-topic questions; Answers to case study questions; Glossary