Part I. Non-academic Sites of Nineteenth-Century Criminological Discourse: 1. The French Revolution and the origins of French criminology Marc Renneville; 2. Murderers and 'reasonable men': the 'criminology' of the Victorian Judiciary Martin J. Wiener; 3. Unmasking counterhistory: an introductory exploration of criminality and the Jewish question Michael Berkowitz; 4. Moral discourse and reform in urban Germany, 1880s–1914 Andrew Lees; 5. The criminologists' gaze at the underworld: toward an archaeology of criminological writing Peter Becker; Part II. Criminology as Scientific and Political Practice in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries: 6. Cesare Lombroso and Italian criminology: theory and politics Mary S. Gibson; 7. Criminal anthropology: its reception in the United States and the nature of its appeal Nicole Hahn Rafter; 8. From the 'atavistic' to the 'inferior' criminal type: the impact of the Lombrosian theory of the born criminal on German psychiatry Mariacarla Gadebusch Bondio; 9. Criminology, hygienism, and eugenics in France, 1870–1914: the medical debates on the elimination of 'incorrigible' criminals Laurent Muccielli; 10. Crime, prisons, and psychiatry: reconsidering problem populations in Australia, 1890–1930 Stephen Garton; 11. Positivist criminology and state formation in modern Argentina, 1890–1940 Ricardo D. Salvatore; 12. The birth of criminology in modern Japan Yoji Nakatani; Part III. The Making of the Criminologist: 13. The international congresses of criminal anthropology: shaping the French and international criminological movement, 1886–1914 Martine Kaluszynski; 14. Making criminologists: tools, techniques, and the production of scientific authority David G. Horn; 15. 'One of the strangest relics of a former state': tattoos and the discourses of criminality in Europe, 1880–1920 Jane Caplan; 16. What criminals think about criminology: French criminals and criminological knowledge at the end of the nineteenth century Philippe Artières; 17. Talk of the town: the murder of Lucie Berlin and the production of local knowledge Peter Fritzsche; Part IV. Criminology in the First Half of the Twentieth Century: The Case of Weimar and Nazi Germany: 18. Criminology in Weimar and Nazi Germany Richard F. Wetzell; 19. The Biology of mortality: criminal biology in Bavaria, 1924–33 Oliver Liang; 20. Criminals and their analysts: psychoanalytic criminology in Weimar Germany and the first Austrian Republic Gabriel N. Finder; 21. Drinking and crime in modern Germany Geoffrey J. Giles.