"This book is an overdue and essential contribution to the literature in English on the history of health, state formation, and Brazilian political and social history." --<i>The Americas</i> "We are very fortunate to have this lucid translation of Gilberto Hochman's brilliant study of the expansion of public health in early twentieth century Brazil, a complex process that involved ideological and pragmatic calculations of regional autonomy, centralized authority, and the high human cost of disease across a vast and varied country. This history elucidates the foundations of Brazil's extensive modern health system and offers a model for political analysis of the state and health."--Alexandra Minna Stern, author of <i>Eugenic Nation: Faults and Frontiers of Better Breeding in Modern America</i> "Finally, Gilberto Hochman's classic account of public health policy, citizenship, and state-building during Brazil's First Republic is available beyond the Portuguese-reading world. This prize-winning volume offers a crucial historical perspective on the complex politics of constructing collective health, all the more resonant today as Brazil's admired national health system is under assault."--Anne-Emanuelle Birn, co-editor of <i>Comrades in Health: US Health Internationalists, Abroad and at Home</i> "Highly recommended."--Choice "Gilberto Hochman's <i>The Sanitation of Brazil</i> is a pathbreaking contribution to our understanding of the relationship between public health and the process of state formation. It is essential reading for anyone interested in the histories of health and medicine in the Americas."--Jerry DÁvila, author of <i>Diploma of Whiteness: Race and Social Policy in Brazil, 1917–1945</i> "The book proves to be integral to the discussion of early public health and sanitation reform in Latin America." --<i>H-Environment</i> "A welcome addition to libraries across the Anglophone world." --<i>HistÓria, CiÊncias, SaÚde-Manguinhos</i>