Contents Preface Glossary Introduction  1 Newspapers in Punjab  2 The Press Reports  3 Press Policies and Censorship  4 Press Reports as Source Material  5 Multiple Publics  6 Purpose and Structure of the Book Volume 1: Royalties, Reformers, and Organizations Overview 1 Descendants of the Sikh Kingdom  1 Maharaja Duleep Singh  2 Maharani Bamba  3 Prince Victor Duleep Singh  4 Princess Sophia Duleep Singh 2 Maharaja and State of Patiala  1 Mahendra Singh (1852–1876)  2 Council of Regency (1876–1890)  3 Rajinder Singh (1872–1900)  4 Council of Regency and Political Agent (1900–1910)  5 Bhupinder Singh (1891–1938) 3 Maharaja and State of Nabha  1 Bhagwan Singh (1842–1871)  2 Hira Singh (1843–1911)  3 Ripudaman Singh (1883–1942) 4 Maharaja and State of Kapurthala  1 Kharak Singh (1850–1877)  2 Jagatjit Singh (1872–1949)  3 Administration of Lewis French (1910–1915)  4 Representative Assembly 5 Raja and State of Faridkot  1 Wazir Singh (1811–1874)  2 Bikram Singh (1842–1898)  3 Balbir Singh (1869–1906)  4 Brijinder Singh (1896–1918)  5 Council of Regency (1918–1934) 6 Other Princely States  1 Maharaja and State of Jind  2 Maharaja and State of Kalsia 7 Religious and Social Reformers  1 Baba Khem Singh Bedi  2 Kanwar Bikrama Singh Bahadur  3 Sardar Thakur Singh Sandhanvalia  4 Gurbachan Singh Sandhanvalia  5 Bhai Gurmukh Singh  6 Bava Sarmukh Singh  7 Sardar Attar Singh of Bhadaur  8 Sardar Dyal Singh Majithia  9 Sardar Umrao Singh Majithia 8 Chiefs, Public Servants, and Politicians  1 Raja Sahib Dayal Singh  2 Raja Harbans Singh  3 Sardar Lehna Singh  4 Sardar Ajit Singh Attari  5 Sardar Bikrama Singh Ahluwalia  6 Sardar Sher Singh  7 Sardar Gurdial Singh  8 Bhai Ram Singh  9 Sardar Sundar Singh Majithia  10 Sardar Daljit Singh  11 Sardar Gajjan Singh 9 Organisations and Movements  1 Kuka Movement  2 Singh Sabhas  3 Shuddhi Sabha  4 Committee for the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria  5 Chief Khalsa Diwan 10 Education and Language  1 Khalsa College and Its Management  2 Muslim Students in the Khalsa College  3 Performance of the Drama Khwab-i-Hasti  4 Kanya Maha Vidyalaya in Ferozepur  5 Educational Reforms in the Sikh States  6 Other Schools and Colleges  7 Western Education for Women  8 Sikh Graduate League  9 Sikh Students  10 Sikh Educational Conferences  11 Caste Based Conferences  12 Sikh Zenana Conference  13 Punjabi and the Gurmukhi Script  14 Gurmukhi Script in the Sikh States  15 Gurmukhi Script in the Indian Army  16 Religious Propaganda 11 Military Service and Campaigns  1 Loyalty and Martial Qualities  2 Recruitment  3 Religious Practices and Specialists  4 Service in Europe  5 Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–1880)  6 The Battle of Saragarhi (1897)  7 Settlement on the Frontier  8 Connections with Russia  9 Suppression of Riots  10 The Afghan Campaign (1919)  11 Commissions and Sandhurst College  12 Misconducts and Dismissals 12 Miscellaneous Incidents and Reports  1 Individual Resistance  2 A Discovery of Relics  3 The Evils of Eating Opium  4 A Sikh Photographer Volume 2. Religious Places, Practices, and Relations Glossary Overview 1 The Golden Temple at Amritsar  1 Management of the Golden Temple  2 Management under Colonel Jowala Singh  3 Management under Sardar Arur Singh  4 Religious Practices and Specialists  5 River Ganga at the Golden Temple  6 Introduction of Electric Lights  7 Visits by British Officials and Europeans  8 Prostitution and Improper Conducts  9 Impure Sugar in Karah Prashad  10 Sell and Use of Intoxicants  11 Water Supply  12 Aeroplanes over the Temple  13 Requests for Sikh Control  14 The Key Affair 2 Religious Scriptures and Practices  1 Translation by Ernest Trumpp  2 Translation by Bhai Gurmukh Singh  3 Max Arthur Macauliffe  4 The Faridkot Vala Tika  5 Criticism of Publishers  6 Sikh Festivals as Public Holidays  7 The Anand Marriage Act  8 The Ragmala Controversy  9 Sacrilegious Writings  10 Criticism of Religious Practices 3 Relations with Hindus  1 Sikhs Are Hindus or a Separate Nation  2 Census Reports  3 Gurbakhsh Singh Bedi and the Hindu Conference  4 Arorbans Conference  5 Casteless Community  6 Marriages with Hindus  7 Impurities from Hindus  8 Radhasoami  9 Dev Samaj  10 Sanatan Dharm  11 Protection and Killing of Cows  12 A Poem Insulting Krishna 4 Relations with Arya Samaj  1 Pandit Lekh Ram  2 Swami Dayanand and the Satyarth Prakash  3 Propaganda and Counter-Propaganda  4 Neo-Sikhs and Tat Khalsa  5 Attacks on Religious Scriptures and Worship  6 Attacks on the Loyalty of Sikhs  7 Conversion of Dalit Sikhs  8 Conversions of Other Groups  9 Disputes in Sialkot  10 Destruction of Pictures  11 Sikh Students in Arya Schools  12 Activities of Lala Munshi Ram  13 The Tract Khalsa Panth ki Haqiqat  14 The Pamphlet Nath Chakkar 5 Relations with Muslims  1 Sikhs Eating Pork  2 Opinions about Jhatka and Halal meat  3 Controversies over Jhatka  4 A Picture of Guru Nanak  5 Beating Breasts during Muharram  6 A Pig in a Well  7 Disputes over Meat in Schools  8 Interference with Sikh Processions  9 Rumours about Shahidganj Gurdwara  10 Muslim Oppression in History  11 Sikh Repression of Muslims  12 Eating with Muslims  13 Conversion of Women  14 Sikhism a Branch of Islam  15 Ahmadiyaa and Sikh Converts  16 Guru Nanak Portrayed as a Muslim 6 Relations with Christians  1 Missionaries and Conversions  2 The Khalsa Prayer Society 7 Religious Insults and Cases of Desecration  1 Pictures of the Sikh Gurus  2 Commercial for Cigars  3 Images on Wine Labels  4 Smoking in Trains  5 Disturbances and Insults in Gurdwaras  6 Attacks on Gurdwaras and the Guru Granth Sahib  7 Protection of Samadhs  8 Sikhs Presented as Drunkards 8 Rikabganj Gurdwara  1 Responses and Debates  2 Agitation by Women  3 Resolutions by the Chief Khalsa Diwan  4 Decisions by the Chief Commissioner of Delhi  5 Prohibition of Meetings and Processions  6 Post-war Activities  7 Bangla Sahib Gurdwara 9 Kirpan Controversies  1 Incidents of Violence  2 Religious Symbols in Jails  3 Governmental Orders on the Kirpan  4 Cases of Arrests  5 The Sitapur Arrests  6 Religious Symbols in the Army  7 Manufacture and Market  8 The Length of Kirpans  9 The Lahore High Court  10 Debate and Agitation  11 Hunger Strike of Bhai Sucha Singh Volume 3. Migration, Representation, and Reform Glossary Overview 1 Sikh Migration  1 England  2 Canada  3 America  4 Shanghai  5 Malaysia  6 Mexico  7 Afghanistan 2 Nationalism and Sedition  1 An Appeal to Indian Mothers  2 Ajit Singh and Sufi Amba Prasad  3 A Letter from London  4 Prints from America  5 The Lahore Conspiracy Case  6 A Loyal or Seditious Community  7 Sikh Newspapers under Censorship  8 Examples of Texts Deemed Seditious 3 Komagata Maru  1 Reports and Debates  2 The Budge Budge Riot  3 Commission of Enquiry  4 The Arrest of Gurdit Singh 4 Sikhs in the First World War  1 Loyalty and Recruitment  2 A Gurdwara at Basra  3 Patiala in the War  4 Rewards and Memorials 5 Representation in Governmental Services  1 Sikhs in the Public Service  2 Municipal and District Committees  3 Deputy Commissioners  4 Civil Department  5 Education Department  6 Finance Department  7 Postal Department  8 Railway Board  9 Police Department  10 Jail Department  11 Medical Services  12 Punjab Legislative Council  13 Viceroy’s Executive Council  14 Honours and Titles 6 Political Consolidation and Nationalism  1 Sikh Leadership and Political Agitation  2 Separate Representation in Reform Schemes  3 Cooperation with the Muslim League  4 Montagu’s Declaration and Visit to India  5 Suggestions for Sikh Organizations  6 The Sikh League  7 Jat Representation and Politics  8 Jallianwala Bagh Massacre  9 Amritsar Session of the Congress  10 The Definition of a Sikh  11 Resolutions of Non-cooperation  12 Sikh Deputation to England  13 Opinions about Viceroy Lord Reading  14 Ahmedabad Session of the Congress  15 Demands of Chief Khalsa Diwan 7 The Nankana Massacre  1 Rumours about the Mahant  2 Mahant Narain Das and the Riot  4 Action by the Government  5 Advise of Mahatma Gandhi  6 Investigation  7 Petitions of Bhatti Muslims  8 Judgement by the High Court  9 Transfer of the Nankana Estate 8 Gurdwara Reform and Resistance  1 A Need to Reform Gurdwaras  2 Sodhi Gurdwara at Kartarpur  3 Gurdwara Babe Di Ber Sahib at Sialkot  4 Gurdwara Bhai Joga Singh  5 Sri Darbar Sahib at Tarn Taran  6 Gurdwara Khadur Sahib  7 Gurdwara Bhai Pheru  8 Gurdwaras at Hazro  9 Other Disputes over Sacred Spaces  10 National Independence and Self-Rule  11 SGPC and Non-violent Resistance  12 Separation between Sikhs and Hindus  13 Governmental Policies and Resolutions  14 The Arrest of Sardul Singh Kavishar  15 The Arrest of Kartar Singh of Jhabbar  16 The Arrest of Sikh Leaders at Ajnala  17 The Arrest of Kharak Singh  18 The Arrest of Giani Sher Singh  19 The Arrest of Master Mota Singh  20 Arrests at Various Places Volume 4. Politics of Repression and Reconciliation Glossary Overview 1 The Guru ka Bagh Incident  1 Violence and Repression  2 Women in the Agitation  3 The Railway Incident at Hasan Abdal  3 Pressure for Enquiries  4 Actions of the Government  5 Actions of the SGPC  6 Actions of the Punjab Legislative Council  7 Supporters and Critics  8 The Rawalpindi Incidents  9 Babar Akalis in the Doaba  10 Arrests and Releases of Prisoners  11 Trials of Sikh Leaders  12 Treatment of Prisoners 2 The Deposition of Ripudaman Singh  1 Relations between Nabha and Patiala  2 Statements of Government  3 Speculations and Opinions on the Reasons  4 Protest and Agitation  5 A House and Gift of the Guru  6 Warnings to Indian States 3 The Jaito Agitation  1 Jathas at Jaito  2 Religious Insults and Religious Rights  3 Arrests of Congress Leaders  4 The First Shahidi Jatha and Shootings  5 Actions and Sacrifices by Women  6 Governmental Statements and Enquiries  7 The Second Shahidi Jatha  8 Advises of Mahatma Gandhi  9 The Third Shahidi Jatha  10 Subsequent Shahidi Jathas  11 Sudhar Sangat Jatha  12 Prisoners at Nabha Bir 4 Religious Ideologies and Responses  1 Religious Interference and Insults  2 A Religious Struggle and War  3 Invoking the Gurus and Exhorting Sacrifices  4 The British Compared to Mughals  5 Reponses from the Udasis  6 Responses from the Namdharis  7 Responses from Other Groups  8 Gurdwara Movement and the Sikh States  9 Akalis an