Preface and Acknowledgements Notes on Contributors Introduction: Dispersals and Diversification of the Indo-European Languages  Matilde Serangeli 1 Ancient DNA, Mating Networks, and the Anatolian Split  David W. Anthony 2 Nouns and Foreign Numerals: Anatolian ‘Four’ and the Development of the PIE Decimal System  Rasmus Bjørn 3 Proto-Indo-European Continuity in Anatolian after the Split: When Hittite and Luwian Forms Require a Proto-Indo-European Source  José L. García Ramón 4 Myths of Non-Functioning Fertility Deities in Hittite and Core Indo-European  Riccardo Ginevra 5 Did Proto-Indo-European Have a Word for Wheat? Hittite šeppit(t)- Revisited and the Rise of Post-PIE Cereal Terminology  Adam Hyllested 6 And Now for Something Completely Different? Interrogating Culture and Social Change in Early Indo-European Studies  James A. Johnson 7 The Archaeology of Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Anatolian: Locating the Split  Kristian Kristiansen 8 Hittite ḫandā(i)- ‘to Align, Arrange, etc.’ and PIE Metaphors for ‘(Morally) Right’  H. Craig Melchert 9 Cognacy and Computational Cladistics: Issues in Determining Lexical Cognacy for Indo-European Cladistic Research  Matthew Scarborough 10 Italo-Celtic and the Inflection of *es- ‘Be’  Peter Schrijver 11 The Anatolian Stop System and the Indo-Hittite Hypothesis—Revisited  Zsolt Simon 12 Two Balkan Indo-European Loanwords  Rasmus Thorsø 13 The Inner Revolution: Old But Not That Old  Michael Weiss Index