Section 1: Lumbar Interbody Fusions - A Primer General Indications and Contraindications, 1 Complications and Avoidance in Lumbar Interbody Fusions, 13 Section 2: Anatomy and Intraoperative Imaging for Lumbar Interbody Fusion Relevant Surgical Anatomy of the Dorsal Lumbar Spine, 19 Relevant Surgical Anatomy of the Lateral and Anterior Lumbar Spine, 27 Intraoperative Image-Guided Navigation for Lumbar Interbody Fusion, 37 Section 3: Techniques, Pearls, and Complication Avoidance in Lumbar Interbody Fusions Mini-open Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF), 43 Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (PLIF), 51 Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF), 59 Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (MITLIF), 63 Minimally Invasive Midline Lumbar Fusion (MIDLIF), 77 Lateral Transpsoas Approach to Interbody Fusion, 87 Pre-psoas (Oblique) Lateral Interbody Fusion, 99 Pre-psoas (Oblique) Lateral Interbody Fusion at L5-S1, 111 Interlaminar Lumbar Instrumented Fusions (ILIF), 121 Endoscopic Lumbar Interbody Fusion, 129 Section 4: Adjunct Instrumentation in Lumbar Interbody Fusion Interbody Implant Options in Interbody Fusion, 139 Biologic Options in Interbody Fusion, 145 Integrated Screw/Plate Interbody Fusion Devices, 151 vii Spinous Process Plates for Lumbar Fixation, 159 Instrumentation for Stability After Lumbar Interbody Fusion, 169 Section 5: Special Considerations Revision Interbody Fusion, 181 Interbody Fusion Strategies in Thoracic and Sacral Overlap Diseases, 189 Evidence-Based Report on Interbody Fusions of the Lumbar Spine, 201