Expanding and extending John Kingdon's influential "multiple streams" model that explains agenda setting, the author argues that manipulation, the bending of ideas, process, and beliefs to get what you want out of the policy process, is the key to understanding the dynamics of policymaking in conditions of ambiguity.

1. Multiple Streams and Public Policy 2. Privatization in Britain and France 3. Ideas and Policy Change in Britain and Germany 4. Windows of Opportunity and the Choice to Sell British Rail 5. Symbols, Framing, and Manipulation in Greek Foreign Policy 6. Structure and Performance in a Multiple Streams Computer Simulation 7. Ambiguity and Policy Choice NotesReferencesIndex

A lucid and penetrating account of how policy entrepreneurs create meaning and shape outcomes amidst the numerous ambiguities of the policy making environment. The book breaks new ground by extending the application of a policy streams approach across types of democratic systems, to different phases of the policy process, and across policy areas, both domestic and foreign.

A lucid and penetrating account of how policy entrepreneurs create meaning and shape outcomes amidst the numerous ambiguities of the policy making environment. The book breaks new ground by extending the application of a policy streams approach across types of democratic systems, to different phases of the policy process, and across policy areas, both domestic and foreign. -- Mitchell P. Smith, assistant professor, Department of Political Science and School of International and Area Studies, The University of Oklahoma An important contribution to the literature, a very impressive piece of work. Comparative and international relations scholars as well as students of public policy in the United States should read this book and consider its implications seriously. It's a fine combination of theory-building and careful case-oriented empirical observation. -- Frank R. Baumgartner, professor of political science, The Pennsylvania State University Nikolaos Zahariadis extends, in a thorough and effective manner, the theory of choice under ambiguity to parliamentary democracies. The book is a model of clarity even if its focus is disorder, and it brings a much-needed comparative perspective to the study of policy choice. -- Bryan D. Jones, Donald R. Matthews Distinguished Professor of American Politics, University of Washington