This edited volume explores migration movements to Norway, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Portugal from Brazil, Morocco and Ukraine, focusing on how the migration processes of yesterday influence those of today. The central analytical tool for this undertaking is the concept of feedback. This volume identifies various feedback mechanisms that initiate, perpetuate and reverse migration movements. It pays attention to the role of personal networks, but it also moves beyond networks by analysing the role of institutions, macro-level factors and forms of broadcast feedback operating through impersonal channels. Based on extensive surveys and in-depth interviews, it changes our understanding of how and why patterns of international migration change over time.

"Beyond Networks. Feedback in International Migration challenges conventional notions about migration systems and networks by enhancing our understanding of feedback—its direct and indirect effects, its narrow and broad reach, and how its early manifestations shape migratory patterns to come. Written in clear, accessible language, based on fieldwork in countries that are well studied and relatively unexplored, this book makes a welcome contribution to our understanding of the drivers and perpetuators of movement." - Peggy Levitt, Wellesley College, USA; European University Institute, Italy; Harvard University, USA

"Beyond Networks. Feedback in International Migration challenges conventional notions about migration systems and networks by enhancing our understanding of feedback-its direct and indirect effects, its narrow and broad reach, and how its early manifestations shape migratory patterns to come. Written in clear, accessible language, based on fieldwork in countries that are well studied and relatively unexplored, this book makes a welcome contribution to our understanding of the drivers and perpetuators of movement." - Peggy Levitt, Wellesley College, USA; European University Institute, Italy; Harvard University, USA

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