This accessibly written book reviews the controversy about significance testing, which has now crossed various disciplines as diverse as psychology, ecology, commerce, education, and biology, among others. It also introduces readers to alternative methods, especially effect size estimation (at both the group and case levels) and interval estimation (confidence intervals) in comparative studies. Basics of bootstrapping and Bayesian estimation are also considered.

Research examples from substance abuse, education, learning, and other areas illustrate how to apply these methods.

A companion website (www.apa.org/books/resources/kline) promotes learning by providing chapter exercises and sample answers, downloadable raw data files for many research examples, and links to other useful websites.