The cultural borders of Europe are today more visible than ever, creating uncertainty for liberal democratic traditions, and questions of legitimacy, political representation, and the legal bases for citizenship. This book provides a wide-ranging exploration of these lines of demarcation in a variety of European regions and historical eras.

List of Figures and Tables Introduction Mats Andren and Ingmar Sohrman PART I: THE CHALLENGES OF RELIGIOUS BORDERS Chapter 1. Territorial and Religious Identifications in Europe Linda Berg Chapter 2. Europe with or without Muslims: Creating and Maintaining Cultural Boundaries Goran Larsson and Riem Spielhaus Chapter 3. Ilm al-Hududuyya: Un-Inheriting Eurocentricity Klas Grinell PART II: LINGUISTIC BORDERS IN PRACTICE Chapter 4. When the Intercultural Goes National: Textbooks as Sites of Struggle Katharina Vajta Chapter 5. The Pluricentric Borders of Bavaria Barbara Loester Chapter 6. The Influence of Imagined Linguistic Performances Ingmar Sohrman PART III: MENTAL SPACES AND BARRIERS Chapter 7. Mental Barriers Replacing Nation-State Borders Fernand Fehlen Chapter 8. Crossing Borders and Redefining Oneself: The Treacherous Life of Aino Kallas Katarina Leppanen Chapter 9. Evolving Symbolic Divides: in Basque Language Promotion Logos Johan Jarlehed PART IV: SCHOLARS MAKING BORDERS Chapter 10. The Controversial Concept of European Identity Mats Andren Chapter 11. The EU as a 'Large Space'? Carl Schmitt and the Contemporary Dilemmas of Political Rituals and Cultural Borders Jon Wittrock Chapter 12. How Prehistory Becomes Crucial for Border Making Per Cornell Conclusion Thomas Lindkvist and Katharina Vajta Index