For centuries, biologists have marvelled at how anadromous salmonids – fish that pass from rivers into oceans and back again – survive as they migrate between these two very different environments. Yet, relatively little is understood about what happens to salmonid species (including salmon, steelhead, char, and trout) in the estuaries where they make this transition from fresh to saltwater. This book explains the critical role estuaries play in salmonid survival. Ecology of Salmonids in Estuaries around the World synthesizes information from a vast array of literature, to describe the specific adaptation of eighteen anadromous salmonids in four genera (Hucho, Oncorhynchus, Salmo, and Salvenlinus) explain the ecological relationship between anadromous salmonids, the fish they coexist with, and their estuarine habit discuss key fitness elements salmonids need for survival, (including those relating to osmoregulation, growth and feeding mechanisms, and biotic interactions) provide guidance on how to conduct estuarine sampling and scientific aspects of conservation, management, and recovery plans offer directions for future research. This critical reference book is further enhanced by extensive supplementary appendices that are available to readers online, including data tables, additional references on estuarine salmonids, and a primer on estuaries and salmonids for citizen scientists. Find the materials at http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57062.