This volume is an outgrowth of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Expert Judgment and Expert Systems," held in Porto, Portugal, August 1986. Support for the Workshop was provided by the NATO Division of Scientific Affairs, the U.S. Army Research Institute, and the U.S. National Science Foundation.

Keynote Lectures.- Toward a Unified Approach to the Study of Expert Judgment.- Some Abstract Problems in Knowledge Representation.- Principles of the Analytic Hierarchy Process.- Policy Analysis and Decision Aids.- Invited Presentations.- Knowledge Systems, Expert Systems, and Risk Communication.- Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence: Is Probability Epistemologically and Heuristically Adequate?.- The Use of Causal Knowledge for Inferential Reasoning.- Interactive Decision Support Systems for Enhancing Expert Judgment.- Value-Driven Expert Systems for Decision Support.- Expert Systems and Creativity.- Expert Systems and Expert Judgment: A User’s Perspective.- Very Simple Expert Systems: An Application of Judgment Analysis to Political Risk Analysis.- Expert Systems and Intelligent Computer-Assisted-Instruction.- Assessing the Effectiveness of Expert Teams.- Expert Systems as Cognitive Tools for Human Decision Making.- Psychological Characteristics of Expert Decision Makers.- Descriptive and Prescriptive Models for Judgment and Decision Making: Implications for Knowledge Engineering.- Knowledge Extraction from Experts in View of the Construction of Expert Systems.- Common Sense Knowledge in Expert Systems.

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