Ideal for courses in African and Global history as well as specialists in African history, anthropology, and politics, this new and updated edition of Reid's A History of Modern Africa covers the breadth of Africa's political, economic, and social history over the last two centuries.

List of Maps xiv List of Plates xv Acknowledgments for the Second Edition xvii Acknowledgments xviii 1 Introduction: Understanding the Contours of Africa's Past 1 A Brief History of the Study of Africa 5 Land 8 People 12 Part I Polity, Society, and Economy: Ingenuity and Violence in the Nineteenth Century 17 2 Western Transitions: Slave Trade and "Legitimate" Commerce in Atlantic Africa 23 States and Societies during the Atlantic Slave Trade 24 "Illegal" Traffic: The Nineteenth-Century Slave Trade 28 Mineral and Vegetable: "Legitimate" Commerce 32 Change and Continuity in Forest and Savannah 35 3 Eastern Intrusions: Slaves and Ivory in Eastern Africa 42 Commercial Horizons: Slaves and Ivory 43 Maritime Empire: Zanzibar 48 Statehood, Conflict, and Trade (1): The Lacustrine Zone 52 Statehood, Conflict, and Trade (2): Northeastern Africa 59 4 Southern Frontiers: Colony and Revolution in Southern Africa 65 African State and Society to around 1800 65 War, Revolution, and the Zulu Impact 67 Cape Colonialism: White Settlement and the "Native Question" 71 Voortrekkers: White Communities in the Interior 74 Balances of Power to around 1870 75 Part II Africa and Islam: Revival and Reform in the Nineteenth Century 77 5 Revival and Reaction: North African Islam 81 Old and New Identities: Brotherhoods of the Desert 81 Trade and Conflict in the Mediterranean World: Ottoman and European Frontiers 82 Changing Society (1): The Maghreb 86 Changing Society (2): Egypt 89 6 Jihad: Revolutions in Western Africa 94 Islam inWestern Africa to the Eighteenth Century 94 The Wandering Fulani 96 Prophets and Warriors 97 7 The Eastern Crescent: The Islamic Frontier in Eastern Africa 103 Swahili Islam: Coastal Frontiers in the Nineteenth Century 103 Islam in the Central East African Interior 105 Cross and Crescent in Northeast Africa 106 Islam on the Nile 108 Part III Africa and Europe: Commerce, Conflict and Co-option, to c.1920 113 8 The Compass and the Cross 119 Interested Gentlemen and Learned Bodies: Explorers and Exploration 119 Creeping Hegemony and the Invention of Africa 123 European Missionary Activity in Africa to around 1800 125 Evangelical Humanitarians: Missionary Revival 126 The Christian Impact on Culture, State, and Society 129 Mission and Empire 134 9 "Whatever Happens ...": Towards the Scramble 139 Africa and Theories of Imperialism 140 Race and Culture 142 Disorder and Civilizing Violence: Political and Economic Justifications 145 10 Africans Adapting: Conquest and Partition 150 Explaining the "Conquest" 150 Spears and Water: Violent Resistance 155 Histories Old and New: Colonialism and Historical "Knowledge" 165 Realities Old and New: Colonialism and Political "Knowledge" 168 BushWars and Distant Shadows: Africa in Global War 175 Part IV Colonialisms 183 11 "Pax Colonia"? Empires of Soil and Service 189 Monopolies on Violence 190 Slaves and Labor 193 Cash Crops 194 White Settlement 199 Industry 201 Social Change and Emergent Crisis 204 Hearts and Minds 207 Environment and Medicine 210 12 Hard Times: Protest, Identity, and Depression 218 Making Tribes 218 Emergent Protest in the Islamic World 221 Salvation and Resistance: The African Church 223 Class and Tribe: The Industrial Complex 224 Cash Crops, Rural Crises, and Peasant Protest 227 Other Voices 230 13 Battles Home and Away: Africa in GlobalWar (Again) 236 The War in the Continent 236 Shifts in Politics and Society 241 Part V The Dissolution of Empire 245 14 The Beached Whale: Colonial Strategies in the Postwar World 251 Postwar Africa and the International Climate 252 Economic Policies and Visions, c. 1945 50 253 Political Plans, c. 1945 50 256 15 Conceiving and Producing Nations 259 The Widening Horizons of Belonging 260 Tensions and Transitions: From Political Consciousness to Political Parties 261 Irresistible Force and Immovable Object: Nationalists and Settlers 268 A Time of Contrasts 273 16 Compromising Conflict: Routes to Independence 276 Debate and Debacle: Constitutional Transfers of Power 276 Violence: Growth, Form, and Impact 286 From Suez to Sharpeville, and Beyond: The End of High Imperialism 291 Part VI Legacies, New Beginnings, and Unfinished Business 297 17 Unsafe Foundations: Challenges of Independence 303 Building the Nation (1): Economy and Society 303 Building the Nation (2): Polity 310 Political Stability and Islam 316 Crowded House: Africa and the ColdWar 320 18 Violence and the Militarization of Political Culture 328 The Military in African Politics 328 The Politics and Cultures of Insurgency 332 Expanding Military Horizons 337 19 Rectification, Redemption, and Reality: Issues and Trends in Contemporary Africa 339 Africa and the Post-ColdWar World 339 Democracy and Authoritarianism: Trends in Governance 343 NewWars, Old Problems 349 Body and Mind 352 Economic Predicaments: Assessing "Growth" and "Development" 355 Further Reading 363 Index 365