Images of ancient Sparta have had a major impact on Western thought. From the Renaissance to the French Revolution she was invoked by radical thinkers as a model for the creation of a republican political and social order.

Introduction (Stephen Hodkinson and Ian Macgregor Morris) Part I. Medieval and Early Modern Europe 1. The lode-star of chivalry: Sparta and Spartans in the medieval imagination (Ian Macgregor Morris) 2. Sparta and Rome in early modern thought: a comparative approach (Kostas Vlassopoulos) Part II. Enlightenment to Post-Revolutionary France 3. Sparta and the French Enlightenment (Haydn Mason) 4. Spartans and savages: mirage and myth in eighteenth-century France (Michael Winston) 5. Spartan land tenure and French socialism from Mably to Fustel de Coulanges (Paul Christesen) Part III. Germany: From Pre-unification to National Socialism 6. Spartanic verses: the role of Sparta in German literary hellenism around 1800 (Uta Degner) 7. The Spartan tradition in Germany, 1870-1945 (Volker Losemann) 8. The role of Sparta in the educational ideology of the Adolf Hitler Schools (Helen Roche) Part IV. Cold War and Contemporary Political and Popular Culture 9. Sparta and the Soviet Union in U.S. Cold War foreign policy and intelligence analysis (Stephen Hodkinson) 10. The positive portrayal of Sparta in late twentieth-century fiction (Lynn Fotheringham) 11. "This is Cake-Town!": 300 (2006) and the death of allegory (Gideon Nisbet)