Introduction Christopher Janaway; 1. Schopenhauer on the self Günter Zöller; 2. Schopenhauer and knowledge David Hamlyn; 3. The fourfold root Frank C. White; 4. Schopenhauer, Kant, and the methods of philosophy Paul Guyer; 5. Will and nature Christopher Janaway; 6. The influences of Eastern thought on Schopenhauer's Doctrine of the Thing in Itself Moira Nicholls; 7. Ideas and imagination: Schopenhauer on the proper foundation of art Cheryl Foster; 8. Schopenhauer's narrower sense of morality David E. Cartwright; 9. Schopenhauer on death Dale Jacquette; 10. Schopenhauer's pessimism Christopher Janaway; 11. Nietzsche, Schopenhauer and Dionysus Martha C. Nussbaum; 12. Schopenhauer, will, and the unconscious Sebastian Gardner; 13. Schopenhauer and Wittgenstein: representation as language and will Hans-Johann Glock.