This book considers the variability of metacognitive skills across cultures. It explores new domains of metacognitive variability and universal metacognitive features in adults and children. Throughout, it draws on current anthropological, linguistic, neuroscientific and psychological evidence.

1: Joëlle Proust and Martin Fortier: Metacognitive diversity across culture: An introduction I. Introducing metacognition 2: Norbert Schwarz: Of fluency, beauty, and truth: Inferences from metacognitive experiences 3: Rolf Reber and Ara Norenzayan: Shared fluency theory of social cohesiveness: How the metacognitive feeling of processing fluency contributes to group processes 4: Bahador Bahrami: Making the most of individual differences in joint decisions II. How does metacognition develop: Cross-cultural studies 5: Paul Harris: Revisiting privileged access 6: Sunae Kim, Ameneh Shahaeian, and Joëlle Proust: Developmental diversity in mindreading and metacognition 7: Athanasios Chasiotis: The developmental role of experience-based metacognition for cultural diversity in executive function, motivation and mindreading III. Metacognition in communication 8: Anna Papafragou and Ercenur Ünal: The relation between language and mental state reasoning 9: Janis Nuckolls and Tod Swanson: Respectable uncertainty and pathetic truth in Amazonian Quichua speaking culture 10: Olivier Le Guen: Managing epistemicity among the Yucatec Mayas (Mexico) IV. Metacognitive regulation and self-concept 11: Veronica X. Yan and Daphna Oyserman: The world as we see it: The culture-identity-metacognition interface 12: Ulrich Kühnen and Marieke van Egmond: Learning: A cultural construct 13: Giovanni Bennardo: Cultural models in Tongan metacognition V. Metacognition within religious practices 14: Tanya Luhrmann: Prayer as a metacognitive activity 15: Uffe Schjødt and Jeppe Jensen: Depletion and deprivation: Social functional pathways to a shared metacognition 16: Martin Fortier: Sense of reality, metacognition and culture in schizophrenic and drug-induced hallucinations: An interdisciplinary approach VI. Do epistemic norms vary across cultures? 17: Stephen Stich: Knowledge, intuition and culture 18: Jonathan Mair: Metacognitive variety, from Inner Mongolian Buddhism to post-truth 19: Cristine Legare and Andrew Shtulman: Explanatory pluralism across cultures and development

`Our ability to think and talk about our own thought processes (metacognition) is increasingly recognised as one the most important of human abilities, creating advantages for group decision making and enabling the creation of cultural practices. This important and timely book brings together writers from a wide range of disciplines, from neuroscience to anthropology, and explores metacognition in the lab and in the field. ' Chris Frith, Emeritus Professor of Neuropsychology, University College London, UK `This volume casts a large net by examining interdisciplinary approaches to cultural influences on the control of the mind. Clearly psychology has been remiss in its concentration of what the authors call the Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich and Democratic (WEIRD) culture. This may be best remedied both by interdisciplinary volumes like this one and also by fostering cognitive research in many more countries and cultures without neglecting the insights that can be gained due to our common aspects of our brain and humanity from the study of even one culture. ' Michael Posner, Professor Emeritus, University of Oregon, USA `This impressive collection of essays crosses many disciplinary boundaries from philosophy to anthropology to linguistics to psychology to the neurosciences and shows how metacognition is essential to the human condition and how it varies across human culture. Theories of metacognition typically draw on the behavior of Western college students. However, in this research presented here, the focus is on metacognitive diversity, and how culture shapes self-awareness. ' Bennett L. Schwartz, Ph.D., Professor of Psychology, Florida International University, USA `This ground-breaking interdisciplinary volume brings together researchers working at the intersection of two exciting areas of research in psychology, anthropology, and philosophy: metacognition and cognitive diversity. For the first time, we are able to assess the diversity in the development of metacognition, the concept of self, or epistemic norms. A game-changer! ' Edouard Machery, Distinguished Professor and Director of the Center for Philosophy of Science, University of Pittsburgh, USA `This unique and timely book makes a significant contribution to studies of culture and cognition with its focus on the cross-cultural variability of metacognition, or the cognitive techniques used to regulate and manage cognitive processes like perception, attention, memory, and problem solving. Taken as a whole, the essays in this collection demonstrate how metacognition is fundamental to the transmission of culture itself, and how exploring cultural influences on metacognition can shed new light on the very nature of metacognitive processes. This book represents a major resource for anyone interested in interdisciplinary studies of mind. ' Rebecca Seligman, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Northwestern University, USA

Cutting-edge interdisciplinary work relevant to numerous societal issues Provides current and wide-ranging scholarship from leading authors in six different fields Extensive coverage and analysis of metacognitive diversity and abilities renews and extends existing scientific methodology Written in a style that is accessible for non-specialised readers

Joëlle Proust is a French philosopher working at Institut Jean-Nicod, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris and Emeritus Director of Research at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. She has conducted research at the CNRS since 1976 about the history and the philosophy of logic, the philosophy of human and animal cognition, agency, personal identity and metacognition. Thanks to an advanced grant by the European Research Council (2011-2016), Joëlle has conducted collaborative research with developmental psychologists, neuroscientists and cognitive anthropologists on the empirical and conceptual aspects of metacognitive diversity, in order to explore whether children and adults from Western Europe, Japan and non-industrialized Mesoamerican cultures differ in the ways they control and evaluate their own cognitive activity. Martin Fortier is a doctoral student at Institut Jean-Nicod, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales and Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris. Situated at the intersection of cognitive science, anthropology, and philosophy of mind, his research explores the interplay between cultural and neurobiological processes in hallucinogenic experiences-especially in the context of Amazonian shamanism-and animistic thinking, reasoning and categorization in Lowland South America. His fieldwork is located among Shipibo communities of the Ucayali River, Peru.

Cutting-edge interdisciplinary work relevant to numerous societal issues Provides current and wide-ranging scholarship from leading authors in six different fields Extensive coverage and analysis of metacognitive diversity and abilities renews and extends existing scientific methodology Written in a style that is accessible for non-specialised readers