Preface The ‘Arab Spring”: Constitutionalism and International Law Carlo Panara Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Changing the Guard – The Price of Democracy: Lessons from the Arab Spring on Constitutionalism Jackson Nyamuya Maogoto and Andrew Coleman Chapter 2: The Emergence of a Right to Democracy – An African Perspective Michèle Olivier Chapter 3: Human Rights, Democracy and the Legitimacy of Governments in International Law: Practice of States and UN Organs Jure Vidmar Chapter 4: The Arab People’s Revolution – Modernising the Legal Environment Abdullah Nawafleh Chapter 5: The United Nations Security Council, Libya and Resolution 1973: Protection of Civilians or Tool for Regime Change? Gary Wilson Chapter 6: Women of the Revolution: The Future of Women’s Rights in post-Gaddafi Libya Olga Jurasz Chapter 7: Security Council Resolution 1973: A New Interpretation of the Notion of Protection of Civilians? Mohamed A.E. Youssef Chapter 8: Pro-Democratic Intervention, Invitation, or “Responsibility to Protect”? Challenges to International Law from the “Arab Spring” Vasiliki Saranti Chapter 9: The Possible Role of National Courts in the Aftermath of the Arab Spring Tamas Vince Adany Chapter 10: Protecting Cultural Heritage: War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity during Conflicts and Revolutions in North Africa and the Middle East Edward Phillips Chapter 11: Palestinian Self-Determination and a State of Aspiration James Summers Chapter 12: Egypt’s Complicity in Torture and Extraordinary Renditions Nirmala Pillay Index List of Contributors