Herwig's objective is to give an accurate picture of Haushofer and his brand of geopolitics. Herwig notes that Haushofer's geopolitical mentors included Ratzel; Mahan; Kjellen, who coined the term geopolitics in 1917; and Mackinder, who viewed geography merely as an aid to statecraft. Herwig covers Haushofer's role in ‘educating’ Hitler while he was confined in Landsberg Prison. Hitler's reading included historians Ranke and Treitschke, Marx and Nietzsche, military theorist Clausewitz, Bismarck, and social Darwinist Chamberlain. Questions considered are whether Haushofer was a National Socialist in spirit and how Hitler's race version of geopolitics differed from Haushofer's traditional imperialist power politics version. Haushofer's assessment of his life's work is also related to why he was not tried as a war criminal at Nuremberg, though the newspaper propagandist of National Socialism, anti-Semite Julius Streicher, was. Finally, the significance of the term demon in the title, taken from a poem by Haushofer's son, is explained: the social Darwinism of Haushofer's brand of geopolitics, not part of contemporary writings, provided a vocabulary for Hitler's planned aggression. Geopolitical concepts, seeded at Landsberg, grew into a twisted policy application of Haushofer's Geopolitik.

Choice Reviews

Herwig has written an excellent biography based on an exemplary knowledge of the sources.

European History Quarterly

Ideas matter, and sometimes with terrifying force. The Demon of Geopolitics is a new masterwork from the foremost English-language historian of twentieth-century Germany. It is a meticulously researched work that provides a fresh perspective on the geopolitical intersection of strategy and politics in the Third Reich. Herwig’s subject is Karl Haushofer, a professor whose relationship with leading figures of mid-century Germany had a shadowy but undeniable influence on their march of conquest. Herwig carefully dissects the relationship between Haushofer’s scholarship and Germany’s politics, while never losing sight of Haushofer’s complex and compelling personal struggles. The result is a nuanced telling of the tragedy of the life of this officer, professor, and gentleman, marred by hubris and vanity.

- Col. Edward Kaplan, USAF Academy,