1. Introduction: Where’ve all the Good People Gone?; Michael Ostling.- Part I: Demonization and its Discontents.- 2. The Threat of Headless Beings: Constructing the Demonic in Christian Egypt; David Frankfurter.- 3. Secrets of the Síd: The Supernatural in Medieval Irish Texts; Lisa Bitel.- 4. The Good, the Bad, and the Unholy: Ambivalent Angels in the Middle Ages; Coree Newman.- 5. Between Fallen Angels and Nature Spirits: Russian Demonology of the Early Modern Period; Dmitriy Antonov.- 6. Crisis at the Border: Amazonian Relations with Spirits and Others; Artionka Capiberibe.- Part II: Enlightenment and Its Ambiguities.- 7. Between Humans and Angels: Scientific Uses for Fairies in Early Modern Scotland; Julian Goodare.- 8. The Álfar, the Clerics, and the Enlightenment: Conceptions of the Supernatural in the Age of Reason in Iceland; Terry Gunnell.- 9. The Devil and the Spirit World In Nineteenth-Century Estonia: From Christianization to Folklorization; Ülo Valk.- 10. Dreaming of Snakes in Contemporary Zambia: Small Gods and the Secular; Johanneke Kroesbergen-Kamps.- Part III: Remnants, Relocations, and Re-Enchantments.- 11. Small Gods, Small Demons. Remnants of an Archaic fairy Cult in Central and South-Eastern Europe; Éva Pócs.- 12. Who Owns the World? Recognizing the Repressed Small Gods of Southeast Asia; Lorraine V. Aragon.- 13. Spirits, Christians and Capitalists in the Rainforests of Papua New Guinea; Michael Wood.- 14.  “Reconnecting to Everything:” Fairies in Contemporary Paganism; Sabina Magliocco.- 15. Afterword; Ronald Hutton.

This book examines the fairies, demons, and nature spirits haunting the margins of Christendom from late-antique Egypt to early modern Scotland to contemporary Amazonia. Contributions from anthropologists, folklorists, historians and religionists explore Christian strategies of encompassment and marginalization, and the ‘small gods’ undisciplined tendency to evade such efforts at exorcism. Lurking in forest or fairy-mound, chuckling in dark corners of the home or of the demoniac’s body, the small gods both define and disturb the borders of a religion that is endlessly syncretistic and in endless, active denial of its own syncretism. The book will be of interest to students of folklore, indigenous Christianity, the history of science, and comparative religion.

“Their work provides new critical perspectives and an even more welcome corrective to the burgeoning fairy mythology industry on Internet blogs and popular publishing. … this recently published study is a welcome addition to the growing academic interest in fairy lore.” (Juliette Wood, Folklore, Vol. 131 (1), 2020)“This is a good collection, and it is impressive to see how each contributor applies the survival-in-vanishing framework to their chapter. This makes the edited collection feel connected despite the vast number of topics covered, and this is not always easily achieved. There is excellent work in here, and perhaps its most impressive achievement is that it will enable the reader, even non experts, to see a bit further into the subject … . ” (Ciaran Jones, Journal of Religious History, Literature and Culture, Vol. 5 (1), 2019)“This strong collection constitutes a very good first step towards a reconstruction of our thinking about fairies, demons and nature spirits. Its placing of these ‘small gods’ within the actual expansion of Christianity rather than as historically precedent allows for a broad and sensitive historical investigation.” (The Judges of the Katharine Briggs Award 2018, folklore-society.com, November 26, 2018)“It may be that the old polarized labels are becoming inadequate to describe a medieval and early modern religious and quasi-religious world that is coming to seem even more complex, exciting and interesting than it had seemed to be before. That such a perception is possible, however, is due in part to the gifts of this splendid collection, upon which Michael and his contributors are warmly to be congratulated.” (Scriptable, rtreview.org, Issue 8, March, 2018)

“This fascinating interdisciplinary collection illuminates a range of elusive spiritual creatures who in theory should occupy no place in the Christian cosmos. The scope is impressively broad, and readers are consistently challenged to think in new ways about Christianity’s often surprisingly dependent relationship with older forms of belief.” (Peter Marshall, University of Warwick, UK)“This substantial volume takes fairies out of the scholarly closet and celebrates them as productions of local culture and spirituality that have somehow weathered the process of Christianization. The editor’s valuable introductory essay sets the stage for contributions ranging from Estonia to the Amazon and from Late Antique Egypt to present-day California. This collection will delight historians, students of religion, anthropology, folklore and anyone fascinated by the revolving door between paganism and Christianity.” (Charles Stewart, University College London, UK)

Shortlisted for the Folklore Society's 2018 Katharine Briggs Folklore Award Considers the historical relationship between Christianity and 'small gods', including fairies, demons and nature spirits Brings together scholarship from a wide range of of theoretical perspectives and disciplinary approaches Examines case studies spanning two thousand years, from Egypt to the Andes and Indonesia Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras