“Jill Rosenthal’s detailed history of border making and border crossing reveals both the identification of people with place and its blurring by extensive movement across space. <i>From Migrants to Refugees </i>is a compelling and important contribution to our understanding not only of the cross-border consequences of the Rwandan quagmire but also of the relationship in an unequal world between international organizations, African people, and an African state.” - Frederick Cooper, author of (Africa since 1940: The Past of the Present) “In this conceptually adventurous, empirically rich, and engagingly written book, Jill Rosenthal brings a new perspective to histories of Tanzanian nationalism and to the comparative study of nationalism in postcolonial Africa. At the same time, she contributes to histories of decolonization, sovereignty, and state making by showing how these questions were worked through in a border region. <i>From Migrants to Refugees</i> moves the field in exciting and innovative ways.” - Emma Hunter, author of (Political Thought and the Public Sphere in Tanzania: Freedom, Democracy, and Citizenship in the Era of Decolonization) "<i>From Migrants to Refugees </i>is a very important introduction to research on refugees in Africa for several reasons. It is well organized and well written, able to be used in undergraduate as well as graduate courses on refugees in history. . . . [T]his study effectively captures the complexities of border communities that should serve to inspire research around the continent." - Jeremy Rich (African Studies Quarterly) "This book will appeal to scholars and policymakers working on (forced) migration, citizenship, transborder identities and humanitarian aid. Rosenthal's photo on its book cover captures its important aspects of borders and identity politics, making it interesting and deserving of considerable attention." - Deo Mwapinga (International Migration) "Rosenthal shows how national identities are made in distinction to others, as well as through competition over resources and comparisons about relative morality. It should come to be a key reference in the history of African refugees, as well as complement a vibrant literature on identity and citizenship in postcolonial Africa." - Kevin Donovan (Journal of African History)

In From Migrants to Refugees Jill Rosenthal tells the history of how Rwandan migrants in a Tanzanian border district became considered either citizens or refugees as nation-state boundaries solidified in the wake of decolonization. Outlining the process by which people who have long lived and circulated across the Rwanda-Tanzania border came to have a national identity, Rosenthal reveals humanitarian aid’s central role in the ideological processes of decolonization and nation building. From precolonial histories to the first Rwandan refugee camps during decolonization in the 1960s to the massive refugee camps in the 1990s, Rosenthal highlights the way that this area became a testing ground for novel forms of transnational aid to refugees that had global implications. As local and national actors, refugees, and international officials all attempted to control the lives and futures of refugee groups, they contested the authority of the nation-state and the international refugee regime. This history, Rosenthal demonstrates, illuminates how tensions between state and international actors divided people who share a common history, culture, and language across national borders.
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Abbreviations  ix
Acknowledgments  xi
Introduction  1
Part I: The Making of Migrants
1. Tracing a Boundary: Cultural Connections and Mandate Separation  23
2. Canalization and Control: Unbounded Migrants  43
3. Developmental Disappointment: Continuities in Late Colonial and Early Independence Ngara  57
Part II: The Making of Refugees
4. Developmental Refugees: The Politics of Rwandan Refugee Settlement in Ngara District, 1959–1969  77
5. Citizens and Refugees: The Politics of Refugee Aid  95
6. Conflicting Sovereignties: Competition at Mwesi Refugee Settlement, 1963–1970  113
Part III: The Making of Citizens
7. Of “Natural” Citizens and “Natural” Illegality: Ujamaa, Magendo, and Naturalization in Ngara District, 1970–1984  139
8. Competition and Backstabbing: The International Response to the Rwandan Refugee Crisis, 1994–1996  158
9. Of GÉnocidaires and Humanitarians: The Rwandan Refugee Emergency n Ngara District  176
Conclusion: The Business of Nationalism and Humanitarian Aid  193
Notes  205
Bibliography  285
Index  301
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Produktdetaljer

ISBN
9781478020356
Publisert
2023-11-17
Utgiver
Duke University Press
Vekt
612 gr
Høyde
229 mm
Bredde
152 mm
Aldersnivå
P, 06
Språk
Product language
Engelsk
Format
Product format
Innbundet
Antall sider
336

Forfatter

Biografisk notat

Jill Rosenthal is Assistant Professor of History at Hunter College, City University of New York.