An archivally driven and theoretically sophisticated analysis of Indigenous masculinity and manliness during the height of the Red Power Movement has long evaded this period—until now. Matthias AndrÉ Voigt has written one of the best books on the Indigenous freedom struggle and its connection to gender, self-determination, and nationalism. A well-researched, conceptually sound book, you will no doubt want to add this to your bookshelves and syllabi if you want to understand this period from a unique and important vantage point.""—Kyle T. Mays, author of <i>An Afro-Indigenous History of the United States</i> and <i>City of Dispossessions: Indigenous Peoples, African Americans, and the Creation of Modern Detroit</i><p>""Matthais AndrÉ Voigt has inaugurated what one can only hope will be the next generation of scholarship on an era desperately in need of new perspectives and approaches. Rather than rehashing a celebratory narrative of resistance, this work delves beneath the surface to examine critically the construction of gender—and specifically masculinity—in the context of the American Indian Movement’s brand of Red Power. That it does so with an eye toward speaking to scholarship on anticolonial movements globally makes it that much more compelling.""—Daniel M. Cobb, author of <i>Say We Are Nations: Documents of Politics and Protest in Indigenous America since 1887</i></p><p>""In this masterful analysis of the American Indian Movement, Mathias Voigt explains the <i>sui generis</i> warrior tradition embedded in Indigenous men. This Native patriotism manifested in the civil rights era with AIM warriors of this modern masculinity willing to fight and die for Native sovereignty.""—Donald L. Fixico, Muscogee, Seminole, Shawnee, and Sac and Fox, and author of <i>The American Indian Mind in a Linear World</i></p>
As Matthias AndrÉ Voight shows, the takeover of Wounded Knee was only one moment among many in the complex interplay between protest activism, gender, race, and identity within AIM. While AIM is widely recognized for its militancy and nationalism, Reinventing the Warrior is the first major study to examine the gendered transformation of Indigenous men within the Red Power movement and the United States more generally. AIM activists came to regard themselves, like their ancestors before them, as warriors fighting for their people, their lands, and their rights. They sought to remasculinize their Indigenous identity in order to confront hegemonic masculinities—and, by implication, colonialism itself. By becoming “more manly,” Indigenous men challenged the disempowering nature of white supremacy.
Voigt traces the story of the reinvention of Indigenous warriorhood from 1968 to the takeover of Wounded Knee in 1973 and beyond. His trailblazing work explores why and how Indigenous men refashioned themselves as modern-day warriors in their anticolonial nation-building endeavor, thereby remaking both self and society.
- Acknowledgments
- A Note on Terminology
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- 1. Indigenous Men and Peoplehood under US Colonial Domination
- 2. From Powerlessness to Protest: Reinventing Indigenous Men in AIM, 1968–1972
- 3. “We Became Warriors Again”: Recasting Race, Gender and Nation, 1970–1973
- 4. Warriors for a Nation at Wounded Knee, 1973
- 5. Reinventing Warriorhood and Nationalist Struggle after 1973
- Conclusion
- Notes
- Bibliography
- Index